Slow Processing Speed Predicts Falls in Older Adults With a Falls History: 1‐Year Prospective Cohort Study

Davis, Jennifer C.; Best, John R.; Khan, Karim M.; Dian, Larry; Lord, Stephen R.; Delbaere, Kim; Hsu, Chun Liang; Cheung, Winnie; Chan, Wency; Liu-Ambrose, Teresa

doi:10.1111/jgs.14830

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Recent studies have highlighted the importance of including cognitive tasks when designing exercise training programs prevent falls in older adults 23 , 24 , 38 . In practice, our findings demonstrating reduced motor performance in physically active older adults are highly relevant for health professionals, as these findings support the need for designing exercise training programs involving a combination of motor abilities and cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cognitive complexity of concurrent cognitive-motor tasks reveals age-related deficits in motor performance

Oliveira

Reiche

Vinescu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Aging reduces cognitive functions, and such impairments have implications in mental and motor performance. Cognitive function has been recently linked to the risk of falls in older adults. Physical activities have been used to attenuate the declines in cognitive functions and reduce fall incidence, but little is known whether a physically active lifestyle can maintain physical performance under cognitively demanding conditions. The aim of this study was to verify whether physically active older adults present similar performance deficits during upper limb response time and precision stepping walking tasks when compared to younger adults. Both upper limb and walking tasks involved simple and complex cognitive demands through decision-making. For both tasks, decision-making was assessed by including a distracting factor to the execution. The results showed that older adults were substantially slower than younger individuals in the response time tasks involving decision-making. Similarly, older adults walked slower and extended the double support periods when precision stepping involved decision-making. These results suggest that physically active older adults present greater influence of cognitive demanding contexts to perform a motor task when compared to younger adults. These results underpin the need to develop interventions combining cognitive and motor contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These combined factors increase the difficulty to dissociate the causes of falls in older adults. Therefore, risk factors for falls in older adults are multi-factorial, and novel methods to explore factors related especially to cognition and processing speed during overground locomotion are needed 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive complexity of concurrent cognitive-motor tasks reveals age-related deficits in motor performance

Oliveira

Reiche

Vinescu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although no audio was recorded (that could give us more data on behavioral-cognitive disorders), the existing data suggest that part of cognitive-behavioral dysfunction as a particular risk factor can be observed on video footage. The video review might suggest that cognitive-behavioral dysfunction (and executive dysfunction in particular), a major contributor of fall in dementia [ 4 , 53 , 54 ], can also be partially observed in some cases, where lack of judgment and poor awareness of the danger, poor appraisal of self-deficits and of distances, impulsivity, inattention, and over-reactivity to external distractors in the environment are observable. However, these assumptions about neurocognitive observations need to be confirmed over a larger number of video recordings of falls and should include multiple raters’ assessment in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Fall Rate in Dementia Managed Care Through Video Incident Review: Pilot Study

Bayen¹,

Jacquemot²,

Netscher³

et al. 2017

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundFalls of individuals with dementia are frequent, dangerous, and costly. Early detection and access to the history of a fall is crucial for efficient care and secondary prevention in cognitively impaired individuals. However, most falls remain unwitnessed events. Furthermore, understanding why and how a fall occurred is a challenge. Video capture and secure transmission of real-world falls thus stands as a promising assistive tool.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze how continuous video monitoring and review of falls of individuals with dementia can support better quality of care.MethodsA pilot observational study (July-September 2016) was carried out in a Californian memory care facility. Falls were video-captured (24×7), thanks to 43 wall-mounted cameras (deployed in all common areas and in 10 out of 40 private bedrooms of consenting residents and families). Video review was provided to facility staff, thanks to a customized mobile device app. The outcome measures were the count of residents’ falls happening in the video-covered areas, the acceptability of video recording, the analysis of video review, and video replay possibilities for care practice.ResultsOver 3 months, 16 falls were video-captured. A drop in fall rate was observed in the last month of the study. Acceptability was good. Video review enabled screening for the severity of falls and fall-related injuries. Video replay enabled identifying cognitive-behavioral deficiencies and environmental circumstances contributing to the fall. This allowed for secondary prevention in high-risk multi-faller individuals and for updated facility care policies regarding a safer living environment for all residents.ConclusionsVideo monitoring offers high potential to support conventional care in memory care facilities.

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“…In healthy aging, this may be related to reductions in white matter integrity especially in the frontal and parietal lobes [11]. Slow PS was also found to be predictive of future falls in older adults with a fall history [4]. Furthermore, in relation to pathological ageing (Alzheimer's disease), reduced PS was related to reduced regional cerebral blood flow in temporo-parietal regions, suggesting slow PS to be sensitive towards the severity of the underlying brain pathology in this disease [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Slow processing speed: a cross-disorder phenomenon with significant clinical value, and in need of further methodological scrutiny

Rommelse

Luman

Kievit

2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Slow Processing Speed Predicts Falls in Older Adults With a Falls History: 1‐Year Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract: Poorer performance on the processing speed factor, a trainable factor, was independently associated with the most costly type of falls-injurious falls.

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

The cognitive complexity of concurrent cognitive-motor tasks reveals age-related deficits in motor performance

The cognitive complexity of concurrent cognitive-motor tasks reveals age-related deficits in motor performance

Reduction in Fall Rate in Dementia Managed Care Through Video Incident Review: Pilot Study

Slow processing speed: a cross-disorder phenomenon with significant clinical value, and in need of further methodological scrutiny

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