Slow Release Somatotropin in Dairy Heifers and Cows Fed Two Levels of Energy Concentrate. 2. Plasma Hormones and Metabolites

Cissé, M.F.; Chilliard, Yves; Coxam, Véronique; Davicco, M.J.; Rémond, Bernard

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78293-3

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Lower concentrations of T3 were found in primiparous cows which is in disagreement with the data of Cissé et al (1991) who suggested that higher T3 concentrations in the first lactation could be due to a lower milk yield since thyroid hormones are excreted by the mammary gland. On the other hand, a lower level of T3 was reported to be associated with lower EB (Blum et al 1983), which seems to be the case in our study when taking into account the fact that primiparous cows presented comparatively greater body condition loss and an overall unbalanced metabolic condition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…On the other hand, a lower level of T3 was reported to be associated with lower EB (Blum et al 1983), which seems to be the case in our study when taking into account the fact that primiparous cows presented comparatively greater body condition loss and an overall unbalanced metabolic condition. This could explain the apparent discrepancy with the study of Cissé et al (1991), in which heifers and cows had the same EBs. Low thyroid hormone concentrations have been suggested to be associated with low reproductive performance in the postpartum cow (Huszenicza et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

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Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow

Meikle¹,

Kulcsár²,

Chilliard³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

207

160

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The effect of parity (multiparous vs primiparous) and body condition score (BCS; <3.0 or $ 3.0, lean vs fat) at parturition on metabolic and endocrine profiles from 1 month before to 2 months after parturition were studied in 42 Holstein cows grazing on improved pastures. BCS and milk production were determined every 2 weeks. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, IGF-I, leptin, thyroxine (T4) and 3,3 0 ,5-tri-iodothyroinine (T3) were determined in plasma every 10 days. Progesterone was determined three times per week after parturition. Primiparous cows had a lower BCS during the early postpartum period and produced less milk than multiparous animals. Primiparous cows had higher NEFA concentrations and they presented more samples with BHB concentrations of >1 mmol/l than multiparous cows. Multiparous cows had higher T3, T4 and IGF-I concentrations, while fat cows had higher leptin and IGF-I concentrations. All hormone concentrations were diminished in the first week postpartum. Primiparous cows and fat cows presented a steeper decay of IGF-I and leptin around parturition than multiparous cows and lean cows. While thyroid hormones and IGF-I showed increasing concentrations from approximately day 30, leptin concentrations remained low until the end of the experimental period. The initiation of ovarian cyclicity was delayed in primiparous cows and especially in primiparous lean cows, consistent with longer intervals from parturition to first service and to conception. The endocrine signals most likely to inform the reproductive axis regarding a negative energy balance were IGF-I and leptin.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow

Meikle¹,

Kulcsár²,

Chilliard³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

207

160

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“…This pattern is relatively well known in ruminants, particularly the increase after the meal (Manston et al 1981;Cisse et al 1991;Clement et al 1991). In animals undergoing starvation or undernutrition, as those in group 1, the mobilisation and utilisation of amino acids for glucose and oxaloacetate production are increased, which is reflected in high URE values between 03:00 and 17:00 h (Cocimano and Leng 1967;Gaál et al 1993).…”

Section: Ureamentioning

confidence: 83%

Daily variation in blood enzymes and metabolites in ewes under three levels of feed intake

Caldeira¹,

Almeida²,

Santos³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1999. Daily variation in blood enzymes and metabolites in ewes under three levels of feed intake. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 157-164. Daily variations in the concentration of albumin, creatinine, non-esterified fatty acids, globulins, glucose, total lipids, total protein, triglycerides, urea, β-hydroxybutyrate, and in the activity of alkaline phosphatases, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were evaluated in the serum or plasma of ewes fed 30, 100 and 200% of theoretical maintenance energy requirements. A daily profile was observed in almost all variables, which may be of importance when interpreting data for these blood indicators. Daily variations were found even for albumin and total protein serum concentrations, showing a significant decrease of their levels after the meal. In order to maximize the diagnostic value of these indicators, the most suitable times for blood collection seem to be 16 h after the meal and (or) just before the meal. Collection 16 h after the meal apparently allows the characterisation of a relatively steady metabolic state, intermediate between the effects of food intake and the final phase of the intensification of body reserve mobilization. Collection just before the meal will give a good indication of the level of activity of those mobilization mechanisms. La variation quotidienne d'albumine, créatinine, acides gras non estérifiés, globulines, glucose, lipides totaux, protéines totales, triglycérides, urée, β-hydroxybutyrate, phosphatases alcalines, aspartate aminotransférase, glucose-6-phosphate déshydrogénase, glutamate déshydrogénase, isocitrate déshydrogénase, pyruvate kinase fut évaluée dans le sérum ou le plasma des brebis ayant reçu dans l'alimentation 30 %, 100 % et 200 % des besoins énergétiques d'entretien théoriques. Nous avons observé, dans presque toutes les variables, un type de profile quotidien susceptible d'influencer l'interprétation de ces indicateurs sanguins. Des variations quotidiennes ont été trouvées même pour des concentrations d'albumine et de protéine totale dans le sérum, montrant une diminution significative de leurs niveaux après le repas. Pour maximiser la valeur diagnostique de ces indicateurs, les moments les plus appropriés pour faire la prise de sang semblent être 16 heures après le repas et (ou) juste avant le repas. La prise de sang 16 heures après le repas permet de caractériser un état métabolique relativement constant, intermédiaire entre les effets proches de l'ingestion et la phase finale d'intensification de la mobilisation des réserves corporelles. La prise de sang juste avant le repas donne une bonne image du niveau d'activité de ces mécanismes de mobilisation.

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“…In addition, several studies presented a diurnal rhythm for glucose, insulin, NEFA and BHBA in ruminants [83][84][85]. Especially, plasma NEFA levels seem to be more sensitive and variable before feeding compared to after feeding.…”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

et al. 2005

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-The pathway for oxidation of energy involves a balanced oxidation of C2 and C3 compounds. During early lactation in dairy cattle this C2/C3 ratio is out of balance, due to a high availability of lipogenic (C2) products and a low availability of glycogenic (C3) products relative of the C2 and C3 products required for milk production. This review compares studies which manipulated dietary energy source and shows that dietary energy source can affect the balance of the C2/C3 ratio, as indicated by plasma NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose levels. It is shown that glycogenic nutrients increase glucose and insulin concentrations and decrease NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. Extra lipogenic nutrients elevate NEFA and BHBA and decrease plasma glucose concentrations. Lipogenic nutrients generally increase milk fat percentage and decrease milk protein percentage, suggesting a surplus of C2 compounds. The inverse is the case for feeding extra glycogenic nutrients, implying reduced deamination and oxidation of glycogenic amino acids. Feeding extra glycogenic nutrients improved the energy balance (EB), in contrast to ambiguous results of lipogenic nutrients on EB. Moreover, glycogenic feed may reduce the severity of ketosis and fatty liver, but increased the incidence of (sub)clinical acidosis. Since studies are scarce, it seems difficult to draw conclusions on the effects of dietary energy source on reproduction. However, lipogenic nutrients decrease glucose and increase NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. High plasma NEFA and BHBA and low plasma glucose levels are associated with decreased reproductive performance, which might imply the C2/C3 compound balance to be important for reproductive function.lipogenic nutrients / glycogenic nutrients / reproduction / energy metabolism

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Slow Release Somatotropin in Dairy Heifers and Cows Fed Two Levels of Energy Concentrate. 2. Plasma Hormones and Metabolites

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow

Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow

Daily variation in blood enzymes and metabolites in ewes under three levels of feed intake

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

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