Slow-releasing permanganate ions from permanganate core-manganese oxide shell particles for the oxidative degradation of an algae odorant in water

Advanced electrochemical oxidation for the simultaneous removal of manganese and generation of permanganate oxidant

“…Permanganate is conventionally synthesised in a two stage process: (i) the oxidation of manganese dioxide to potassium manganate (Mn 6+ ) by oxygen in highly concentrated potassium hydroxide solutions, and (ii) electrochemical oxidation of potassium manganate to potassium permanganate in a highly alkaline electrolyte. 22 Permanganate, dosed primarily in the salt form of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), is a widely used chemical in the water treatment industry for several applications including the oxidation of various contaminants, such as taste and odour compounds, 23 phenolic compounds, 24 pesticide and antibiotic organic micropollutants, [25][26][27] algal toxins 28 and heavy metals. 29 Permanganate is also widely used as a preoxidant for the management and removal of soluble manganeseIJII) 11,13,16 and ironIJII).…”

Eggshell Membrane Assisted CdS Nanoparticles for Manganese Removal in Water Treatment

“…Deficiency of manganese results in a wide variety of structural and physiological defects, including reduced growth rate, skeletal abnormalities, impaired reproduction, and unacceptable intake of manganese leads to severe health complications as well. There are different treatment methods available for degradation of heptavalent manganese, which are precipitation methods, oxidation, filtration, ion exchange, coagulation/flocculation, membrane filtration, electrochemical methods, biological treatment and adsorption [30][31][32]. Photocatalytic degradation technique has been considered as a promising technology for heavy metal removal compared to other methods, in this process it utilizes sunlight or indoor illumination lights; furthermore, photocatalysis is the most economical method and high-efficiency environmental protection method even though it has some limitations [33,34].…”

Implications for emergency response to the severe odor incident occurred in source water: Potential odorants and control strategy

“…There are several emergency disposal technologies for odor removal, including switching the odor water source with a new water source and adding powdered activated carbon (PAC), potassium permanganate chlorine, and chloramine (Ma et al 2012;Omoike et al 2019;Huang et al 2020). According to the characteristics of odor incidents and equipment facilities at DWTP, appropriate emergency disposal technology and measures could be adopted for water suppliers for sudden odor incidents.…”

“…The addition of potassium permanganate is su cient to control the growth of odor-producing algae and remove colors and odors to some extent. However, the overdose of potassium permanganate results in red-violet color (Ma et al 2012;Omoike et al 2019). Chlorination has some removal effect on the odors caused by reductive compounds such as thioethers, thiols, etc (Ma et al 2016).…”