Slower access to visual awareness but otherwise intact implicit perception of emotional faces in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

Grave, Joana; Madeira, Nuno; Martins, Maria João; Silva, Samuel; Korb, Sebastian; Soares, Sandra C.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2021.103165

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…It also indicated that for schizophrenia patients with relatively slight pathological characteristics, their estimated pattern of ambiguous emotional facial expressions is similar to healthy people in the daily life. The phenomenon is consistent with the study of Grave et al [ 30 ] They have proved that although schizophrenia patients have an overall slower access to visual awareness of facial expressions, the implicit perception of emotional faces is intact.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Socioemotional selectivity theory advocates that individuals' attention preference for emotional facial expressions corresponds to their levels of social development. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Previous studies have found that people with relatively low socialization levels, such as children or mentally disabled people, were apt to pay attention to people's mouths. 33 Ample evidence has shown degraded socialization level of schizophrenia patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing Mechanisms of Abnormal Categorical Perception of Emotional Facial Expressions in Schizophrenia Patients

Zhang

Wang

Xue

2022

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective The current study aims to find out the potential reasons why most schizophrenia patients have a relatively low sensitivity to the classification of emotional facial expressions.Methods By using an emotional categorical perception task, eighty-three schizophrenia patients and seventy-one healthy adults are provided with morphed emotional continuums with two emotional facial expressions (a positive emotional valence: happy; a negative emotional valence: sad).Results Through comparing the difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy adults in the processes of estimating facial expressions with ambiguous emotions, we find that the pattern of emotional categorical perception for schizophrenia patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls when they process signals on the local facial areas. Compared to healthy people, schizophrenia patients have a significantly separate classification pattern in processing emotional signals between the eyes and mouth regions. It indicates that compared to healthy adults, schizophrenia patients have larger conflicts in integrating emotional signals from different facial areas. To overcome conflicts, more cognitive resources are required. Unfortunately, the lack of cognitive resources leads to the failure of integration, which further increases the difficulty of estimating facial expressions with ambiguous emotions, and finally leads to the relatively low sensitivity of emotional facial expressions classification.Conclusion To sum up, the deficit of abnormal perceptions of emotional facial expressions in schizophrenia patients results from an integrated deficit of signals on facial areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing Mechanisms of Abnormal Categorical Perception of Emotional Facial Expressions in Schizophrenia Patients

Zhang

Wang

Xue

2022

Psychiatry Investig

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“…Many similar priming results have been reported, suggesting that these effects are quite robust (Del Cul et al 2006;Grave et al 2021;Huddy et al 2009;Seymour et al 2016;See Berkovitch et al (2017) for a review). Morgan et al (2006) and Stefanovic et al (2009) induced similar dissociations in healthy subjects with low doses of ketamine.…”

Section: Feedback From Pfc: Anesthesia Nmda Receptors and Schizophreniasupporting

confidence: 52%

Conscious Perception and the Prefrontal Cortex A Review

Michel

2022

Journal of Consciousness Studies

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Is perceptual processing in dedicated sensory areas sufficient for conscious perception? Localists say, 'Yes — given some background conditions.' Prefrontalists say, 'No: conscious perceptual experience requires the involvement of prefrontal structures.' I review the evidence for prefrontalism. I start by presenting correlational evidence. In doing so, I answer the 'report argument', according to which the apparent involvement of the prefrontal cortex in consciousness stems from the requirement for reports. I then review causal evidence for prefrontalism and answer the 'lesion argument', which purports to show that prefrontalism is wrong because lesions to the prefrontal cortex do not abolish consciousness. I conclude that multiple sources of evidence converge toward the view that the prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in consciousness.

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“…Importantly, the fact that there a positive correlation between cognitive-perceptual SPQ and ambiguity threshold, but a null effect of schizotypy in RM, could suggest that "positive" schizotypy is related to an anger bias for ambiguous faces solely when it is explicitly required to discriminate the emotion, whereas this association ceases to exist when more automatic (instead of emotion recognition) mechanisms are recruited. In fact, distinct meta-analyses have consistently shown impaired emotion recognition in schizophrenia (Kohler et al, 2010;Savla et al, 2013), but evidence is mixed for paradigms less susceptible to the interference of higher-level social cognition (e.g., Caruana & Seymour, 2021;Grave et al, 2021;see Lee et al, 2016). On that note, it could be that the null effect of schizotypy in RM was due to participants relying less on the emotional content per se to make their same/different judgments, but more on the physical properties of the stimulus.…”

Section: Null Effect Of Schizotypal Traits In Representational Momentummentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional anticipation for dynamic emotional faces is not modulated by schizotypal traits: A Representational Momentum study

Grave¹,

Cordeiro²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Schizotypy is a personality structure that resembles positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia, often associated with abnormal emotional face perception. Moreover, due to the predominant sense characterizing psychotic experiences, people with high schizotypal traits might be more prone to anticipate a potential threat based on the immediate perceptual history of others’ facial expressions. To test this hypothesis, angry-to-ambiguous and happy-to-ambiguous dynamic avatar faces were presented, each followed by a probe depicting the same expression as the final frame of the dynamic face (ambiguous) or one slightly changed to greater happiness/anger. Participants were asked to judge if the probe was equal to the final frame and to rate how confident they were. The direction of bias was calculated, with positive values indicating a Representational Momentum (RM) effect, a perceptual phenomenon in which the offset of a dynamic event is systematically displaced forward, into the immediate future. Firstly, happy-to-ambiguous faces significantly induced RM, suggesting an emotional anticipation for dynamic faces changing towards a potential threat. Secondly, this effect was higher for male than female faces, consistent with a maleness-anger association. Thirdly, and more importantly, our hypothesis of higher RM for happy-to-ambiguous faces in people with high (compared to low) schizotypal traits was not confirmed, as no effect of schizotypal traits was observed. This suggests a typical pattern of emotional anticipation for dynamic emotional faces in subclinical schizotypy. Future studies should investigate if the same holds for clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.

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Slower access to visual awareness but otherwise intact implicit perception of emotional faces in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 147 publications

Deconstructing Mechanisms of Abnormal Categorical Perception of Emotional Facial Expressions in Schizophrenia Patients

Deconstructing Mechanisms of Abnormal Categorical Perception of Emotional Facial Expressions in Schizophrenia Patients

Conscious Perception and the Prefrontal Cortex A Review

Emotional anticipation for dynamic emotional faces is not modulated by schizotypal traits: A Representational Momentum study

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