Slower Metabolism and Reduced Intake of Nicotine From Cigarette Smoking in Chinese-Americans

Benowitz, Neal L.; Pérez‐Stable, Eliseo J.; Herrera, Brenda; Jacob, Peyton

doi:10.1093/jnci/94.2.108

Cited by 194 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Pharmacokinetic parameter means in MZ and DZ twins are comparable to those published in previous studies using the same methodology for computing metabolic parameters but different samples of women and men of European descent (Benowitz, Perez-Stable et al, 2002;Perez-Stable et al, 1998). Consistency across studies validates the measurement of nicotine metabolic phenotypes, which may represent more biologically relevant phenotypes to understanding tobacco use and nicotine dependence .…”

Section: Generalizability Of the Study Samplesupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This article describes the convergence of two lines of work that, until now, have evolved independently of each other: (a) biometric genetic studies in twins have demonstrated a significant role for genetic influences on tobacco use and nicotine dependence (Carmelli et al, 1992;Heath & Madden, 1995;Kendler et al, 1999;Lessov et al, 2004;Li et al, 2003;McGue et al, 2000;Swan & Carmelli, 1997;True et al, 1999) and (b) laboratory pharmacology studies have characterized nicotine metabolic pathways (Benowitz & Jacob, 1997; see Figure 1), documented individual stability over time in nicotine disposition and kinetics, and reported substantial between-subject variability on these parameters (Benowitz & Jacob, 1994;Benowitz, Perez-Stable et al, 2002;Perez-Stable et al, 1998).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Metabolism in Twins: Methods and Procedures

Swan¹,

Benowitz

Jacob

et al. 2004

Twin Res

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Section: Generalizability Of the Study Samplesupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Metabolism in Twins: Methods and Procedures

Swan¹,

Benowitz

Jacob

et al. 2004

Twin Res

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“…There is some evidence that differences in nicotine metabolism may contribute to differences in the intensity of smoking between Caucasians and Orientals. Benowitz et al (2002) have reported slower clearance and reduced intake of nicotine from cigarette smoking among Chinese-Americans than whites, that they postulate may cause Asian smokers to smoke fewer cigarettes per day. This issue has not been resolved.…”

Section: Lung Cancer Risk In Asians Versus Caucasiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use and cancer: an epidemiologic perspective for geneticists

2002

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Much of what is known about the deleterious effects of tobacco use on health was learned from epidemiologic studies over the last half century. These studies establish unequivocally that tobacco use, particularly manufactured cigarette smoking, causes most cancers of the lung, oropharynx, larynx, and esophagus in the USA, and approximately one-third of all cancers of the pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder and uterine cervix. More recent evidence also implicates smoking with cancers of the stomach, liver and colorectum. While over half of the estimated 440 000 smoking-attributable deaths that occur annually in the USA involve non-malignant cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, smoking-attributable cancers are more recognized and feared. Geneticists increasingly study tobacco use as a model for environmental carcinogenicity. Tobacco-exposed populations provide opportunities to characterize the somatic mutations that give rise to specific cancers and to identify the inherited genetic traits that confer susceptibility or resistance. Studies to identify the genetic determinants of addiction may be particularly important. Future research to identify other susceptibility factors, such as genes that modify carcinogen metabolism or DNA repair, will need to be substantially larger and to quantify lifetime tobacco exposure with more precision than have past studies in order to distinguish gradations in risk due to exposure from those caused by genetic susceptibility. This review considers: (a) the epidemiology of tobacco use; (b) cancers presently classified as smoking-attributable by the US Surgeon General; (c) the magnitude of the epidemic of cancers and other diseases caused by tobacco use; (d) selected issues in the epidemiology of lung cancer; and (e) the interface of genetics and epidemiology in understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco-attributable disease.

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“…99 Lung cancer rates are lower in Asians and Latinos than Whites. 100 Chinese Americans exhibit a lower nicotine intake per cigarette, smoke fewer cigarettes per day, and exhibit a slower clearance of nicotine. The implication is that Chinese Americans, and perhaps other Asians, may require lower doses of NRTs.…”

Section: Cultural and Ethnic Minoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implication is that Chinese Americans, and perhaps other Asians, may require lower doses of NRTs. 100 Latinos exhibit similar nicotine intake per cigarette to whites, but smoke fewer cigarettes.…”

Section: Cultural and Ethnic Minoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Cessation in Primary Care: Maximizing Intervention Strategies

Anczak¹,

Nogler²

2003

Clinical Medicine & Research

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The most effective preventive intervention that a clinician can provide for tobacco-using patients against heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an empathic, personalized smoking cessation intervention program with extended assistance and follow-up. The goal of the intervention must be complete smoking cessation. Reduction provides no direct health benefits to the individual smoker. Interventions are readily available, but underutilized, in part due to lack of clinician training and organizational support.The present article summarizes the current guidelines for smoking cessation interventions as a framework from which to start. The guidelines incorporate the Transtheoretical Model of patient behavioral change and the "Five A's": Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange. Pharmacotherapeutic tools, including nicotine replacement therapies (nicotine gums, patches, nasal sprays, inhalers and new therapies) and non-nicotine therapies (bupropion, clonidine, nortriptyline and other antidepressants and anxiolytics) are considered. Adherence validation methods, new approaches to tobacco and addiction treatment that appear in the recent research literature are reviewed.Beyond this framework, specific categories of tobacco users (including smokeless tobacco users), cultural and ethnic minorities, adolescents using snuff and bidis, women, Medicaid recipients, and users of multiple forms of tobacco require special consideration.With this framework and the modifications that may be required for specific categories of patients, practicing clinicians can incorporate into daily practice a successful tobacco cessation intervention program with quit rates approaching 20%.

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Slower Metabolism and Reduced Intake of Nicotine From Cigarette Smoking in Chinese-Americans

Cited by 194 publications

References 30 publications

Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Metabolism in Twins: Methods and Procedures

Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Metabolism in Twins: Methods and Procedures

Tobacco use and cancer: an epidemiologic perspective for geneticists

Tobacco Cessation in Primary Care: Maximizing Intervention Strategies

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