Slowing the spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes of sheep and goats in the United Kingdom

Coles, Garill A.; Roush, RT

doi:10.1136/vr.130.23.505

Cited by 117 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…The use of isolation areas for sick and quarantined to keep the newly acquired or sick animals' aparted from the herd is an important practice in order to prevent the introduction of important diseases and helminth infections, and the likelihood of acquiring resistant parasites would increase proportionately to the amount of newly introduced animals (COLES; ROUSH, 1992). The intensive interregional and interstate transit of goats facilitates the exchange of pathogens and parasites from distant flocks ) and we think that this situation is aggravated by the limited use of quarantine in the dairy and beef flocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoo-sanitary aspects of goat husbandry in Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2015

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Minas Gerais is the largest one out of the four states that comprise the southeastern region of Brazil, with the bigest goat herd of this region. The characterization of health aspects of dairy goat husbandry was done in 84 dairy herds in 81 municipalities and 200 beef herds in 70 municipalities in the State of Minas Gerais. A questionnaire was filled out for each herd, requesting data regarding the farm, the herd and the farmer by the veterinarians within the Agriculture and Livestock Institute of Minas Gerais (Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária -IMA). A data bank was developed in Windows Excel and analyzed using the Epi-Info system. Comparisons of categorical variables were based on Chi-square test. The individual identification of the animals was done at 73.8% of dairy farms and at 7.5% of beef farms, use of quarentine at 15.5% and 4.0%, isolation of sick animals at 30.9% and 11.0%, requisition of sanitary certificate in the acquisition of new animals at 28.6% and 1.5%, regular veterinary monitoring at 52.4% and 1.5%, respectively. The main health problems reported at dairy and beef farms, respectively, were abortion (50.0% and 49.5%), mastitis (41.7% and 19.0%), pneumonia (37.4% and 16.5%), diarrhea (34.5% and 16.5%) and caseous lymphadenitis (20.2% and 43.0%). Key words: Goat husbandry, epidemiological and health aspects, Minas Gerais, Brazil ResumoMinas Gerais é o mais extenso dos quatro estados que compõem a região sudeste do Brasil, com o maior efetivo caprino dessa região. A caracterização dos aspectos sanitários da caprinocultura foi realizada em 84 rebanhos leiteiros em 81 municípios e 200 rebanhos de carne em 70 municípios de Minas Gerais. Um questionário foi preenchido para cada rebanho, requisitando informações sobre a fazenda, o rebanho e proprietario, realizado por veterinários do Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuaria (IMA). Um banco de dados foi desenvolvido em Windows Excel e analisado utilizando o programa Epi-Info. Comparaçãoes entre variáveis categoricas foram feitas com teste de Qui-quadrado. A identificação individual dos animais era realizada em 73,8% das propriedades leiteiras e em 7,5% das propriedades de corte, o uso da quarentena em 15,5% e 4,0%, o isolamento de animais doentes em 30,9% e 11,0%, a solicitação de certificados sanitarios na aquisição de novos animais em 28,6% e 1,5%, o monitoramento veterinário em 52,4% e 1,5%, respectivamente. Os principais problemas sanitários relatados, nas propriedades leiteiras e de carne foram, respectivamente, aborto (50,0% e 49,5%), mastite (41,7% e 19,0%), pneumonia (37,4% e 16,5%), diarreia (34,5% e 16,5% ) e a linfadenite caseosa (20,2% e 43,0%). Palavras-chave: Caprinocultura, aspectos epidemiológicos e sanitários, Minas Gerais, Brasil

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoo-sanitary aspects of goat husbandry in Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2015

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“…In the absence of the release of new drugs, and given the increasing status of AHR in small ruminants, combinations of drugs with different mechanisms of action began to be used in an effort to delay the development of resistance (SMITH, 1990;COLES & ROUSH, 1992). However, it was found that these combinations could fail, particularly when there was already resistance to one or more drugs, although the use of combinations was found to be valid when inserted in integrated programs of drug resistance management and underpinned by parasitological examinations (LEATHWICK & BESIER, 2014).…”

Section: History Of Ahr In Small Ruminants In Brazil and Around The Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Brazil

Salgado

Santos

2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Frequent and inappropriate use of all classes of antiparasitic drugs in small ruminants has led to failures in their effectiveness, culminating in a global problem of anthelmintic resistance. Brazil stands out as one of the world's leaders in publications about anthelmintic resistance, and for having the most numerous reports of this resistance in small ruminants in the Americas. These studies have involved mainly the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and its correlation with field management practices. In vivo effectiveness testing is conducted in areas where livestock is of greater economic significance, e.g., in the South (sheep) and Northeast (goats), or is important for research and economic centers, such as the Southeast (sheep). The most widely studied species is sheep, for which the widest range of drugs is also evaluated. Despite significant advances achieved in molecular research, laboratory analyses should include knowledge about the reality in the field so that they can become feasible for the producer. Moreover, molecular studies can be underpinned by the analysis of field studies, such as the maintenance of antiparasitic effectiveness over time and the mechanisms involved in this process.Keywords: Small ruminants, anthelmintic resistance, sheep, goat, gastrointestinal nematodes. ResumoO uso frequente e inapropriado de todas as classes de antiparasitários em pequenos ruminantes levou a falhas de eficácia, culminando na problemática global de resistência anti-helmíntica. O Brasil destaca-se como sendo um dos pioneiros nas publicações com resistência anti-helmíntica no mundo e por ter o maior número de relatos em pequenos ruminantes na América. Essas pesquisas envolvem principalmente o teste da redução da contagem de ovos nas fezes (TRCOF) e sua correlação com as práticas de manejo utilizadas no campo. Os estudos de testes de eficácia in vivo localizam-se em áreas onde há maior importância dos rebanhos como nas Regiões Sul (ovinos) e Nordeste (caprinos), ou com importância em polos de pesquisa e econômicos, como a região Sudeste (ovinos). Ovina é a espécie mais estudada e com maior gama de drogas avaliadas. Mesmo com grande avanço em pesquisas moleculares, as análises laboratoriais devem envolver o conhecimento da realidade do campo para que possam se tornar viáveis ao produtor. Além disso, a análise dos estudos de campo pode nortear estudos moleculares como, por exemplo, a manutenção da eficácia das drogas ao longo dos anos e os mecanismos envolvidos em tal processo.

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“…When more than one anthelmintic class is effective, an effort should be made to perform annual (slow) rotation [14]. A single anthelmintic should be used for an entire year, and a second drug used the next.…”

Section: Management Issues and Future Implications Relating To Anthelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

2002

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-Suppressive anthelmintic treatment strategies originally designed to control Strongylus vulgaris in horses were extremely successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from parasitic disease. Unfortunately, this strategy has inadvertently resulted in the selection of drug-resistant cyathostomes (Cyathostominea), which are now considered the principal parasitic pathogens of horses. Resistance in the cyathostomes to benzimidazole drugs is highly prevalent throughout the world, and resistance to pyrantel appears to be increasingly common. However, there are still no reports of ivermectin resistance in nematode parasites of horses despite 20 years of use. It is unknown why resistance to ivermectin has not yet emerged, but considering that ivermectin is the single most commonly used anthelmintic in horses most parasitologists agree that resistance is inevitable. The fecal egg count reduction test is considered the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance in horses, but diagnosis is complicated by lack of an accepted standard for the performance of this test or for the analysis and interpretation of data. Presently there is very little data available on the molecular mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes; β-tubulin gene is the only anthelmintic-resistance associated gene that has been cloned. The increasingly high prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant cyathostomes must be taken into account when designing worm control programs for horses. Strategies to decelerate further selection for drug resistance thereby extending the lifetime of currently effective anthelmintics should be implemented whenever possible. Considering the nature of the equine industry in which horses often graze shared pastures with horses from diverse locations, transmission and widespread dispersal of resistant parasites is virtually assured. A proactive approach to this problem centered on understanding the molecular basis of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes is required if we are to expect chemical control of nematodes in horses to remain a viable element of parasite control in the future.cyathostome / anthelmintic / resistance / nematode / horse Résumé -La résistance aux anthelmintiques chez les nématodes des chevaux. Les stratégies des traitements anthelmintiques mises en place à l'origine pour contrôler Strongylus vulgaris chez les chevaux ont été extrêmement efficaces pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité dues aux maladies 491

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Slowing the spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes of sheep and goats in the United Kingdom

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Zoo-sanitary aspects of goat husbandry in Southeastern Brazil

Zoo-sanitary aspects of goat husbandry in Southeastern Brazil

Overview of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Brazil

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

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