Slowing the Spread of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses in Commercial Vineyards With Insecticide Control of the Vector,Pseudococcus maritimus(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Abstract

Vineyards were surveyed for grapevine leafroll-associated viruses and their insect vectors in New York State’s Finger Lakes region in 2006–2008. Grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Erhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), European Fruit Lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche), and Cottony Maple Scale, Pulvinaria acericola (Walsh and Riley) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) were identified as vector species in this region. An increase in the incidence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and GLRaV-3 was observed in 8 of the 20 vineyards surveyed, which implies transmission by these insect vectors. Two of the vineyards for which a temporal increase in disease incidence was documented were then used to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applications of horticultural oil and two classes of insecticides for control of P. maritimus and for slowing virus spread over 2 years of vine protection. Delayed dormant applications of horticultural oil contributed to control of early season crawlers; however, this was not the case for control of summer populations. Applications of acetamiprid and spirotetramat achieved control in summer populations; however, spirotetramat outperformed acetamiprid in percent reduction of treated compared with control vines and in a side-by-side trial. Vines treated with spirotetramat had a lower percentage of new vines testing positive for GLRaV-1 than control vines after 2 years, while no other spray program altered the increase in incidence of GLRaV-1 or -3.

Incidence of Grapevine Leafroll Disease: Effects of Grape Mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) Abundance and Pathogen Supply

“…In vineyards with relatively low disease pressure, mealybug populations within the block contribute little to incidence of new disease. This suggests that relying solely on vector control tactics may not be sufficient to contain the spread of GLRaV-3, as demonstrated by Wallingford et al (2015). And if vector abundance is low, even relatively efficient vector control measures may be economically impractical (Daugherty et al 2015).…”

Non-Target Effects of dsRNA Molecules in Hemipteran Insects

“…These insects are controlled mainly by chemical insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is widespread in these insects, particularly M. persicae and B. tabaci [30][31][32], and insecticide applications against P. maritimus have little impact on GLRaV incidence [33]. These observations indicate the need for novel methods to control these insects.…”

“…tabaci [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and insecticide applications against P . maritimus have little impact on GLRaV incidence [ 33 ]. These observations indicate the need for novel methods to control these insects.…”

Virus et vigne, un mariage difficile à défaire : la biovigilance est nécessaire plus que jamais

“…À la fin des années 1900, il fut démontré que des cochenilles pouvaient transmettre la maladie (Martin et al 2005;Naidu et al 2014). Dans l'État de New York, où la maladie est présente, on étudie des moyens de lutte chimiques contre la cochenille Pseudococcus maritimus de la famille des Pseudococcidae (Wallingford et al 2015).…”