Slr1293 in
            <i>Synechocystis</i>
            sp. Strain PCC 6803 Is the C-3′,4′ Desaturase (CrtD) Involved in Myxoxanthophyll Biosynthesis

Mohamed, Hatem E.; Vermaas, Wim F. J.

doi:10.1128/jb.186.22.7827.2004

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The relative quantity of each pigment resolved was determined by integration of the area under the 447 nm peak (mAU3min). Pigments were identified using published absorbance spectra data (Mohamed and Vermaas, 2004).…”

Section: Carotenoid Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbons Are Essential for Optimal Cell Size, Division, and Growth of Cyanobacteria

et al. 2016

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Cyanobacteria are intricately organized, incorporating an array of internal thylakoid membranes, the site of photosynthesis, into cells no larger than other bacteria. They also synthesize C15-C19 alkanes and alkenes, which results in substantial production of hydrocarbons in the environment. All sequenced cyanobacteria encode hydrocarbon biosynthesis pathways, suggesting an important, undefined physiological role for these compounds. Here, we demonstrate that hydrocarbon-deficient mutants of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibit significant phenotypic differences from wild type, including enlarged cell size, reduced growth, and increased division defects. Photosynthetic rates were similar between strains, although a minor reduction in energy transfer between the soluble light harvesting phycobilisome complex and membrane-bound photosystems was observed. Hydrocarbons were shown to accumulate in thylakoid and cytoplasmic membranes. Modeling of membranes suggests these compounds aggregate in the center of the lipid bilayer, potentially promoting membrane flexibility and facilitating curvature. In vivo measurements confirmed that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 mutants lacking hydrocarbons exhibit reduced thylakoid membrane curvature compared to wild type. We propose that hydrocarbons may have a role in inducing the flexibility in membranes required for optimal cell division, size, and growth, and efficient association of soluble and membrane bound proteins. The recent identification of C15-C17 alkanes and alkenes in microalgal species suggests hydrocarbons may serve a similar function in a broad range of photosynthetic organisms.

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Section: Carotenoid Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbons Are Essential for Optimal Cell Size, Division, and Growth of Cyanobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…In a Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 mutant lacking the crtD homologue, slr1293, carotenogenesis and especially myxol synthesis were affected (27).…”

Section: Vol 190 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…strain PCC 6803 include ␤-carotene, echinenone, and zeaxanthin, as well as the myxol glycoside (3R,2ЈS)-myxol 2Ј-(2,4-di-O-methyl-␣-L-fucoside) (36). Deletion mutants with mutations related to myxol 2Ј-dimethyl-fucoside synthesis have been produced (27)(28)(29), but the biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids, especially myxol glycosides, in cyanobacteria have not been fully characterized yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate Specificities and Availability of Fucosyltransferase and β-Carotene Hydroxylase for Myxol 2′-Fucoside Synthesis in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Compared with Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

et al. 2008

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To elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids, especially myxol 2-glycosides, in cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 (also known as Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120) and Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 deletion mutants lacking selected proposed carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes and GDP-fucose synthase (WcaG), which is required for myxol 2-fucoside production, were analyzed. The carotenoids in these mutants were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, field desorption mass spectrometry, and Cyanobacteria synthesize carotenoids, as do all phototrophic organisms. The carotenoids in cyanobacteria are not limited to just the common carotenoids, such as ␤-carotene, but also include some unique ketocarotenoids and carotenoid glycosides, which are not found in higher plants (6). It has become evident from several recent studies that these unique carotenoids are different in different cyanobacterial species, and cyanobacteria can be classified into several groups based on their unique carotenoids (39). Members of the first group, which includes the genera Anabaena and Nostoc, contain ␤-carotene, keto derivatives of ␤-carotene such as echinenone, and myxol glycosides, but little or no zeaxanthin. Members of the second group, including Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and Thermosynechococcus elongatus strain BP-1, contain these carotenoids as well as zeaxanthin. Members of the third group, which includes the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, contain ␤-carotene, zeaxanthin, and nostoxanthin but lack both ketocarotenoids and carotenoid glycosides. Prochlorococcus also contains ␣-carotene, and the lycopene cyclases in these genera have homology to those of plants.We recently identified the molecular structures of carotenoids in some Anabaena and Nostoc strains, and we proposed carotenogenesis pathways and genes (37,38). In these genera, the major carotenoids were ␤-carotene and echinenone, and the polar carotenoids were myxol and 4-ketomyxol glycosides.

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“…Carotenoids were extracted from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 with methanol and were identified based on their absorption spectra and HPLC retention times as previously described (28,36). Figure 3 shows an HPLC elution profile of pigments extracted from the ⌬sll1213Z strain grown photomixotrophically at light intensities of 0.…”

Section: Gdp-fucose Synthetase Gene Orthologuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxoxanthophyll Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure and Thylakoid Organization in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

et al. 2005

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Myxoxanthophyll is a carotenoid glycoside in cyanobacteria that is of unknown biological significance. The sugar moiety of myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was identified as dimethyl fucose. The open reading frame sll1213 encoding a fucose synthetase orthologue was deleted to probe the role of fucose and to determine the biological significance of myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Upon deletion of sll1213, a pleiotropic phenotype was obtained: when propagated at 0.5 mol photons m ؊2 s ؊1 , photomixotrophic growth of cells lacking sll1213 was poor. When grown at 40 mol photons m ؊2 s ؊1 , growth was comparable to that of the wild type, but cells showed a severe reduction in or loss of the glycocalyx (S-layer). As a consequence, cells aggregated in liquid as well as on plates. At both light intensities, new carotenoid glycosides accumulated, but myxoxanthophyll was absent. New carotenoid glycosides may be a consequence of less-specific glycosylation reactions that gained prominence upon the disappearance of the native sugar moiety (fucose) of myxoxanthophyll. In the mutant, the N-storage compound cyanophycin accumulated, and the organization of thylakoid membranes was altered. Altered cell wall structure and thylakoid membrane organization and increased cyanophycin accumulation were also observed for ⌬slr0940K, a strain lacking -carotene desaturase and thereby all carotenoids but retaining fucose. Therefore, lack of myxoxanthophyll and not simply of fucose results in most of the phenotypic effects described here. It is concluded that myxoxanthophyll contributes significantly to the vigor of cyanobacteria, as it stabilizes thylakoid membranes and is critical for S-layer formation.

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Slr1293 in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 Is the C-3′,4′ Desaturase (CrtD) Involved in Myxoxanthophyll Biosynthesis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrocarbons Are Essential for Optimal Cell Size, Division, and Growth of Cyanobacteria

Hydrocarbons Are Essential for Optimal Cell Size, Division, and Growth of Cyanobacteria

Substrate Specificities and Availability of Fucosyltransferase and β-Carotene Hydroxylase for Myxol 2′-Fucoside Synthesis in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Compared with Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

Myxoxanthophyll Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure and Thylakoid Organization in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

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