Slugs: Potential Novel Vectors of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            O157

Sproston, E. L.; MacRae, Marion; Ogden, I.D.; Wilson, Michael J.; Strachan, Norval James Colin

doi:10.1128/aem.72.1.144-149.2006

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Fish caught near a site of slaughter of zebu (Bos indicus) in central Africa harbored EC O157:H7 (Tuyet et al, 2006) and American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) are suitable hosts for EC O157:H7 . EC O157 survived on a slug for 14 days; viable bacteria were shed in feces and persisted there for up to 3 weeks (Sproston et al, 2006). EC O157:H7, identical by PFGE pattern and virulence genes to human isolates, were found in dung beetles (Xu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Nonmammalian Carriersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Escherichia coliO157:H7: Animal Reservoir and Sources of Human Infection

Ferens

Hovde

2011

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

481

327

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This review surveys the literature on carriage and transmission of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in the context of virulence factors and sampling=culture technique. EHEC of the O157:H7 serotype are worldwide zoonotic pathogens responsible for the majority of severe cases of human EHEC disease. EHEC O157:H7 strains are carried primarily by healthy cattle and other ruminants, but most of the bovine strains are not transmitted to people, and do not exhibit virulence factors associated with human disease. Prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 is probably underestimated. Carriage of EHEC O157:H7 by individual animals is typically shortlived, but pen and farm prevalence of specific isolates may extend for months or years and some carriers, designated as supershedders, may harbor high intestinal numbers of the pathogen for extended periods. The prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 in cattle peaks in the summer and is higher in postweaned calves and heifers than in younger and older animals. Virulent strains of EHEC O157:H7 are rarely harbored by pigs or chickens, but are found in turkeys. The bacteria rarely occur in wildlife with the exception of deer and are only sporadically carried by domestic animals and synanthropic rodents and birds. EHEC O157:H7 occur in amphibian, fish, and invertebrate carriers, and can colonize plant surfaces and tissues via attachment mechanisms different from those mediating intestinal attachment. Strains of EHEC O157:H7 exhibit high genetic variability but typically a small number of genetic types predominate in groups of cattle and a farm environment. Transmission to people occurs primarily via ingestion of inadequately processed contaminated food or water and less frequently through contact with manure, animals, or infected people.

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Section: Nonmammalian Carriersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Escherichia coliO157:H7: Animal Reservoir and Sources of Human Infection

Ferens

Hovde

2011

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

481

327

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“…A volume of 0.1 mL of appropriate dilutions was spread evenly on a dried surface of Tellurite-cefixime-sorbitol MacConkey (TC-SMAC, Oxoid, UK) agar plates [8]. All inoculated plates were incubated at 37±0.5°C for 18-24 h. Typical colonies of E. coli O157 were colorless or neutral/gray with a smoky center and 1-2 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in milk and dairy products from Libya: Isolation and molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA

et al. 2016

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Aim:The aim of this work was to isolate and molecularly identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in milk and dairy products in Libya, in addition; to clear the accuracy of cultural and biochemical identification as compared with molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA for the existing isolates.Materials and Methods:A total of 108 samples of raw milk (cow, she-camel, and goat) and locally made dairy products (fermented cow’s milk, Maasora, Ricotta and ice cream) were collected from some regions (Janzour, Tripoli, Kremiya, Tajoura and Tobruk) in Libya. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for isolation of E. coli that was detected by conventional cultural and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA.Results:Out of 108 samples, only 27 isolates were found to be EHEC O157 based on their cultural characteristics (Tellurite-Cefixime-Sorbitol MacConkey) that include 3 isolates from cow’s milk (11%), 3 isolates from she-camel’s milk (11%), two isolates from goat’s milk (7.4%) and 7 isolates from fermented raw milk samples (26%), isolates from fresh locally made soft cheeses (Maasora and Ricotta) were 9 (33%) and 3 (11%), respectively, while none of the ice cream samples revealed any growth. However, out of these 27 isolates, only 11 were confirmed to be E. coli by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA and E. coli O157 Latex agglutination test. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that majority of local E. coli isolates were related to E. coli O157:H7 FRIK944 strain.Conclusion:These results can be used for further studies on EHEC O157 as an emerging foodborne pathogen and its role in human infection in Libya.

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“…Fresh produce, including green onions, are subject to contamination through several routes during harvest and processing. The main sources of preharvest contamination are soil, irrigation water, surface run‐off water, contaminated manure, bird droppings, and animal feces (Sela and others 2005; Sproston and others 2006). Postharvest contamination may occur during several processing operations such as washing, cutting, trimming, shredding, dewatering, and packaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irradiation on Salmonella Survival and Quality of 2 Varieties of Whole Green Onions

Murugesan

Williams-Hill

Prakash

2011

Journal of Food Science

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Two varieties of green onions, Banner and Baja Verde, were inoculated with a cocktail of 3 Salmonella strains using dip and spot inoculation and irradiated at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kGy using electron beam. Salmonella survivors were enumerated using a XLD underlay/TSAYE overlay plating method. The D values were in the range of 0.26 to 0.32 kGy depending on variety but not on the method of inoculation. This indicated that a 5-log reduction of Salmonella can be achieved at a dose of 1.6 kGy. For the quality study, both varieties of green onions were irradiated at 0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kGy and evaluated for changes in microbial counts, color, texture, and visual quality during storage at 4 °C. Irradiation reduced total plate counts and psychrotrophs by 3 logs. Although the counts increased during storage, they did not exceed the initial counts of control. No significant difference was observed in color and texture between irradiated samples and control. The control maintained good visual quality for about 13 d as compared to 15 d for 1.5 and 2.5 kGy samples. The 2.0 kGy samples maintained good visual quality for 17 d suggesting that irradiation can increase shelf life by reducing spoilage microorganisms but higher doses can be detrimental to quality. At the dose levels required to achieve a 5-log reduction in Salmonella, the shelf life of whole green onion can be extended. This study shows that irradiation can be used to enhance safety without adverse effects on quality.

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Slugs: Potential Novel Vectors of Escherichia coli O157

Cited by 41 publications

References 48 publications

Escherichia coliO157:H7: Animal Reservoir and Sources of Human Infection

Escherichia coliO157:H7: Animal Reservoir and Sources of Human Infection

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in milk and dairy products from Libya: Isolation and molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA

Effect of Irradiation on Salmonella Survival and Quality of 2 Varieties of Whole Green Onions

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