Slurry erosion-corrosion of 90° AISI 1018 steel elbow in saturated potash brine containing abrasive silica particles

Elemuren, Raheem; Evitts, Richard W.; Oguocha, I. N. A.; Kennell, Glyn; Gerspacher, Regan; Odeshi, A.G.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2018.06.010

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A separate set of experiments was performed to determine the protective voltage (E prot ) and protection current F I G U R E 5 Schematic of the vertical flow loop used within the study [10] F I G U R E 6 A, the internal cathodic protection system (ICPS); B, the reference electrode and electrode bridge with porous wooden plug; and C, The counter electrode and T-joint connecting the ICPS density (i prot ) needed to cathodically protect a carbon steel elbow in saturated potash brine. To determine i prot and E prot , a 4-in.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that increasing solid particle concentration in such slurries will increase the amount of erosion-corrosion experienced by pipelines, fittings, joints, and process equipment. [5][6][7][8][9][10] The damage of erosion-corrosion is most pronounced on elbows of joints by solids or gases due to high impact angles and turbulence caused by sudden changes in flow direction. [11][12][13] Cathodic protection has been studied as a mitigation strategy to inhibit corrosion since the 1950s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal cathodic protection to study the erosion‐corrosion of AISI 1018 carbon steel

et al. 2021

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Steel elbows used in pipelines carrying potash slurry may undergo material loss due to mechanical erosion and/or electrochemical corrosion. Cathodic protection was used to study the effects of flow velocity and slurry concentration on the protection current density required to maintain AISI 1018 carbon steel elbows at a set electric potential. A flow loop with a peristaltic pump was used to pump a slurry consisting of silica sand in a saturated potash brine through the steel elbows. The protection current density measurements were performed under varying slurry flow velocities of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 m/s and varying slurry concentrations ranging from 0-35 wt%. The results show maximum values of protection current density were required for mid-range slurry concentrations. It is concluded that, within the parameters of study, high flow velocities require higher protection current density than low flow velocities. Furthermore, high flow velocities result in a local maximum protection current density being reached at lower slurry concentrations; conversely, a local maximum protection current density is reached at higher slurry concentrations in lower flow velocities. The contrast in local maximum protection current densities likely occurs due to additional particle-particle collisions at higher velocities causing the maximum mass transfer rate of oxygen to be reached at lower slurry concentrations. SEM micrographs show that wear becomes more evenly distributed with increasing flow velocity due to the homogeneous distribution of particles in the flowing medium.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal cathodic protection to study the erosion‐corrosion of AISI 1018 carbon steel

et al. 2021

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“…The effect of slurry concentration and rotational velocity was considered and inferred that rotational velocity and concentration of slurry had a significant effect on the erosion rate. The amount of synergy between erosion and corrosion reduced as rotational speed increased [117].…”

Section: Slurry Erosion Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Laser cladding technique for erosive wear applications: a review

Singh

Goyal

Kumar

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Slurry erosion is a serious menace in most of the hydro machine components all around the globe. Slurry erosion is accountable for heavy economic losses. However, some counter measures are being taken to mitigate the effect of sand particles passing through hydro-machine parts and research is also underway to improve the component surface by applying different surface coatings. Laser cladding is a surface deposition process that is used to achieve very good metallurgical bonding with minimum porosity as compared to other surface coating techniques. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to compile the literature related to laser cladding technology, its applications, process parameters, coating materials and their effectiveness to bestow solutions to various types of surface degradation with special emphasis on slurry erosion problems. This paper will serve as a reference for the researchers working in the area of slurry erosion prevention.Erosion is described as wear induced by solid particles hitting a surface, transferred via a gas flow or entertained in a fluid streaming medium [16]. The impinging angle of the particles and relative velocity determines the abrasive wear on a surface [17]. Hydro abrasive erosion depends upon several parameters such as size of sand, hardness, concentration, shape, quantity, and velocity, in most cases minimizing the impact energy of the particles by monitoring the parameters mentioned or indirectly. Despite this, enormous surface destruction to hydroelectric devices and structures occurs at any stage at a sufficiently elevated velocity, causing scratching and removal of material [18]. It has been learned that because of their excellent corrosion characteristics and acceptable resistance to strong particle erosion, in hydroelectric power plants stainless steels are widely used [16]. Bitter [19] suggested two erosion wear theories: cutting and deformation, according to him, the cutting wear is triggered by the particle velocity element parallel to the target surface, whereas the deformation wear is accountable for the normal component of the velocity. Some researchers [20-24] indicated that hardness of the target material or hardness of the impacting solid particles was dominant for wear of target surface. Wang and Yang [25] noted that a dominant function in the erosion process is the surface hardening of metals. The worn surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscope and different wear processes such as micro-ploughing, lip formation, platelet, tiny indentation craters, and micro-cracking were described. It was reported that the depletion of materials such as metals and alloys was produced by the micro-cutting and microploughing of strong particles for ductile materials. The crack coalescence results in the removal of large-scale components for brittle materials.Material degradation by the dint of slurry erosion relies on myriad variables that can be classified into three primary groups: the first one associated with fluid flow circumstances (flow speed, partic...

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“…As rotational speed increased, synergy level between erosion and corrosion decreased. At low velocity, synergistic effect was responsible for material degradation [21].…”

Section: Wear Performance Study Of Steel Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Surface Treatments on Erosion Behavior of Various Steel Alloys- A Literature Review

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2018

Tribology Online

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This literature study is based on the research work conducted in the field of erosion behavior of steel alloys. The focus is on the surface modification of the steel alloys by heat treatment, surface hardening and surface coating methods. Laser cladding and laser hardening processes are also explained. The influence of tribological parameters on the erosion is explained. Steel alloys are chosen because of a wide number of applications due to their excellent properties. Efforts have been made to understand the cause and the remedial action towards the improvements in wear performance. Suitable surface treatment method on the steel alloys may definitely do this work but there should be a need of proper control over the process parameters. The environmental conditions of the laboratory are differing from the real working environment. Hence, the results which are satisfactory at the laboratory are not doing well in real place of application.

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Slurry erosion-corrosion of 90° AISI 1018 steel elbow in saturated potash brine containing abrasive silica particles

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Internal cathodic protection to study the erosion‐corrosion of AISI 1018 carbon steel

Internal cathodic protection to study the erosion‐corrosion of AISI 1018 carbon steel

Laser cladding technique for erosive wear applications: a review

Influence of Surface Treatments on Erosion Behavior of Various Steel Alloys- A Literature Review

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