SM antideuteron background to indirect dark matter signals in galactic cosmic rays

Abstract

Antideuteron production cross-sections estimated using EPOS-LHC with a coalescence afterburner, tuned to reproduce published experimental data over a wide range of energy were used here as input to the galactic propagator code GALPROP, validated with comparing to existing proton, helium fluxes as well as boron-to-carbon ratio data. The resulting near-Earth antideuteron flux, including solar modulation, is compared to previous estimates. An overall factor of two increment in the antideuteron flux is predicted, the origin of which is also discussed. However, this standard model source of antideuteron background still lies well below the AMS-02, and the expected GAPS, sensitivities, as well as the fluxes predicted by several dark matter models.

A Perspective on the Solar Modulation of Cosmic Anti-Matter

“…Since we focus on the refinements of VLISs to be used in heliospheric modulation models, no discussion on how astrophysical aspects can change LISs and how that relates to the VLIS specified at the HP is done here. Examples of such details can be found, e.g., in [159,160,164,[170][171][172]. If such studies would produce VLISs which were significantly different in terms of their spectral shapes (rigidity dependence) from what is presented here, they should be evaluated with comprehensive modulation models to determine their impact on the results obtained.…”

“…Applying a drift model to anti-deuteron (e.g., [160,161]) is in reach once the modulation of deuteron can be done properly with the modeling approach used here and when relevant precise spectral observations are published (e.g., [162,163]). Estimates exist for the LIS for deuteron and anti-deuteron (e.g., [164], and references there-in) and some effort has already been made for deuteron modulation modeling as shown in [57] based on deuteron observations at the HP from Voyager 1 [21] and from PAMELA [136,165] but only over a limited energy range. A next step in precise modeling should include the study of the solar modulation of anti-helium (e.g., [166,167]).…”