Sm14 of Schistosoma mansoni in Fusion with Tetanus Toxin Fragment C Induces Immunoprotection against Tetanus and Schistosomiasis in Mice

Abstract

We have constructed vectors that permit the expression in Escherichia coli of Schistosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein 14 (Sm14) in fusion with the nontoxic, but highly immunogenic, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC). The recombinant six-His-tagged proteins were purified by nickel affinity chromatography and used in immunization and challenge assays. Animals inoculated with TTFC in fusion with or coadministered with Sm14 showed high levels of tetanus toxin antibodies, while animals inoculated with Sm14 in fusion with or coadministered with TTFC showed high levels of Sm14 antibodies. In both cases, there were no changes in the type of immune response (Th2)

Mycobacterial codon optimization of the gene encoding the Sm14 antigen ofSchistosoma mansoniin recombinantMycobacterium bovisBacille Calmette-Guérin enhances protein expression but not protection against cercarial challenge in mice

“…Therefore, a partially protective vaccine would be effective (Bergquist, 2002;Pearce, 2003). Studies on the use of Sm14 for the development of an antihelminth vaccine seem set to continue at a steady pace, as this antigen has shown a consistent ability to induce partially protective immunity in animal models, both mice (for S. mansoni) and sheep (final host for F. hepatica), when delivered by a variety of recombinant vectors being investigated for vaccine development (Nascimento et al, 2002;Vilar et al, 2003;Abreu et al, 2004;Fonseca et al, 2004;Varaldo et al, 2004). Only the rBCG system, however, was shown to induce significant protection using a single dose immunization regime (Varaldo et al, 2004).…”

Resistance to re‐infection after exposure to normal and attenuated schistosome parasites in the baboon model

“…Consistently > 50% protection has been obtained (74,75) No data available T cell epitopes of Sm14 are recognized by resistant individuals (69,70) Sm23 (an integral membrane protein) 40 -50% protection is associated with antibody and CMI responses (76) No data available Specific humoral and cellular responses have been demonstrated in humans (72)…”

Candidate Live, Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Vaccines with Reduced Fecal Shedding Are Immunogenic and Effective Oral Vaccines

“…However, several studies have concluded unambiguously that protection against tetanus toxin challenge correlates with anti-TetC IgG response (1,2,18,23). Since there was no difference in the anti-TetC IgG response regardless of the presence of mutations in shdA, misL, or ratB genes on the vaccine strain, we therefore would not expect there to be a difference in protection against tetanus toxin challenge.…”