“…The PL emission spectrum of the Sm 3+ -activated Figures 7 and 8 (RHS), respectively, which were monitored under excitation at 406 nm. All the emission spectra exhibited a sharp red orange emission at 646 nm, and consisted of several sharp peaks at 563, 599, 646, and 705 nm, which are assigned to the 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 5/2 , 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 , 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 9/2 , and 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 11/2 transitions, respectively [23]. Among these, the 646-nm ( 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 9/2 ) peak showed the maximum intensity.…”