Small Agricultural Tractor ROPS - New Operator Protective Zone

Fritz, Edward A.; Switalski, William G.

doi:10.4271/911782

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Computer simulations and experimental tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the above criteria and the results achieved showed their reliability. This analysis is in line with the provisions by Fritz et al (1991), who argued that when developing a novel safety volume for the operator of an agricultural tractor or a construction, earthmoving, forestry and mining machine, a superposition of the safety zone according to different standards can be performed if the resulting safety volume is substantiated by ergonomic evaluations. Similarly, the superposition of different safety zones is also proposed by Guzzomi et al 2019, who analyzed ROPS' performances of an articulated narrow track tractor.…”

Section: Discussion Of Results and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…As far as the former aspect is concerned, it should be noted that in this context the "safety zone" indicates an unobstructed space able to protect the operator in case of overturning whose dimensions might differ from those of the "clearance zone", which are reported in the OECD codes. Then, following the superposition "principle" illustrated by Fritz et al (1991), the minimum dimensions were evaluated taking into account the dimensions and shape of a safety zone defined in the OECD codes for testing ROPS structures independently from the type of tractor. To be more precise, the OECD Code 10 (OECD 2020) identifies the safety zone as follows: "for tractors equipped with ROPS tested in accordance with Codes3, 4, 6 and 7 the safety zone shall comply with the specifications of the Clearance Zone as described in point 1.6 of each of these codes"; while, "for tractors equipped with ROPS tested in accordance with Code 8 the safety zone shall comply with the Deflection-Limiting Volume (DLV), as described in ISO 3164:2013".…”

Section: Technical Measures For Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrofitting Agricultural Tractors with Aftermarket Weather Cabins: Safety Issues for Manufacturers and Users

Davide,

Daniele,

Leonardo

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management

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Despite the effort of governments in promoting stricter safety requirements to reduce the number of accidents among farmers, agriculture still represents a very hazardous sector worldwide. In particular, the increasing importance of safety in the agriculture activities has been characterizing this sector both from the equipment manufacturers' and from users' point of view, since the use of tractors is recognized as the main cause of fatalities. In fact, tractor overturn associated with the absence or the improper use of the rollover protective structure (ROPS) represents the prevalent cause of this phenomenon. In this study we focused our attention on the use of aftermarket weather cabins and their interferential relationship with the tractor's protective structure. Actually, although the use of weather cabins temporarily installed on tractors for specific needs is very common among farmers, there is a lack of a normative framework that can provide safety requirements for both users and cabin manufacturers. In detail, taking the cue from the issues emerged in a specific working group led by the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work in Italy, the manuscript analyzes the hazardous situations that might arise when using weather cabins, discussing the safety measures aimed at guaranteeing a correct safety assessment.

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Section: Discussion Of Results and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Technical Measures For Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrofitting Agricultural Tractors with Aftermarket Weather Cabins: Safety Issues for Manufacturers and Users

Davide,

Daniele,

Leonardo

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management

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show abstract

“…It should be noted that of the 175 tractors involved in the accidents, only 8 were equipped with either a protective tractor cab or a roll bar and seat belt. Of these 8 tractors, no fatalities occurred in these accidents, and 4 of these 8 accidents resulted in no injuries (Schnieder, Rollin D. and Baker, L. Dale, 1972) it recognized the SAE J2194 (ASAE S519) was one of the better standards for tractors because there is no suspension system for the seats (Fritz, 1991). This evidence was supported by Teaford (1993), who went on to add that protection from sharp surfaces and corners around the occupant clearance zone is important for any ROPS standard.…”

Section: Review Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a roll over protective structure (ROPS) using nonlinear finite element analysis

Gillispie¹

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Safety has become one of the major thrusts of our society. It is important in every facet of our lives. It is especially important in the agricultural industry. The use of a conventional Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) on farm tractors over the years has saved numerous lives and prevented countless injuries. Despite the added safety of using a ROPS, it has been found a percentage of tractor owners remove the conventional ROPS. One reason for removal is lack of a storage area to house the tractor with a conventional ROPS on it. The main reason deals with the ROPS becoming entangled with crops and limbs as it is being driven, sometimes even causing this debris to strike the tractor operator. By removing the ROPS, the tractor operators place themselves in unwarranted danger. This led the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and West Virginia University Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering to the development of a deployable ROPS, which could remain down to aid in required housing space for the tractor and prevent debris from striking the tractor operator while being driven. This ROPS was tested for rapid deployment and also against the SAE J2194 Static Load Standard. The results of the SAE J2194 Static Load Standard tests revealed the ROPS was structurally over-designed. This research effort focuses on the application of computer-aided design and analysis to structurally optimize the deployable ROPS and make it lighter. The first objective deals with the development of a finite element model (FEM) of the original deployable ROPS giving analytical results that matched the experimental results. This justified the use of a FEM to optimize the ROPS. Once this was accomplished, a FEM of an optimized deployable ROPS was created and verified as safe by checking energy and deflection results against the SAE J2194 Static Load Standard. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES x NOMENCLATURE xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introductory Remarks 1 1.2 Review of Relevant Literature 3 1.3 Thesis Objective 8 CHAPTER 2 SAE J2194 ROPS STANDARD 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Energy Criteria 9 2.3 Accuracies and Tolerances CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 17 3.1 Test Rig and Equipment 3.2 Data Acquisition 25 3.3 Data Acquisition Program CHAPTER 4 SOLID AND FINITE ELEMENT MODEL DESCRIPTIONS 4.1.1 Mechanical CAD Software 4.1.2 Modeling the Two Post Deployable ROPS vi 4.1.

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On the Maneuverability and Stability of Turf Work Trucks

d'Entremont¹,

Barnett²

1996

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Small Agricultural Tractor ROPS - New Operator Protective Zone

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Retrofitting Agricultural Tractors with Aftermarket Weather Cabins: Safety Issues for Manufacturers and Users

Retrofitting Agricultural Tractors with Aftermarket Weather Cabins: Safety Issues for Manufacturers and Users

Optimization of a roll over protective structure (ROPS) using nonlinear finite element analysis

On the Maneuverability and Stability of Turf Work Trucks

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