Small-angle neutron-scattering study and micellar model of the gemini (phenylenedimethylene)bis( n -octylammonium)dibromide surfactant micelles in water

Hattori, Norikatsu; Hirata, Hirohito; Okabayashi, Hirofumi; O’Connor, Charmian J.

doi:10.1007/s003960050393

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…This aberrant behavior may be due to the existence of premicellar aggregates in these compounds. This type of aberrant behavior in gemini molecules has been observed by other investigators and has sometimes been explained on the basis of the formation of premicellar aggregates (dimers, trimers, oligomers) (48)(49)(50).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Synthesis and characterization of glucosamide‐based trisiloxane gemini surfactants

Zhang

2004

J Surfact & Detergents

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A new family of glucosamide-based trisiloxane gemini surfactants of the general formula (CH 2 OCH 2 ) n (Me 3 SiOSiMeR 1 OSiMe 3 ) 2 (where R 1 = (CH 2 ) 3 NR 2 (CH 2 ) 2 NHCO (CHOH) 4 CH 2 OH; R 2 = CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OCH 2 ; and n = 0, 1, or 2) was prepared and characterized, both structurally and as aqueous surfactants. The monomer was prepared by amidation of the precursor amine functional trisiloxane with D-gluconic acid δ-lactone. Gemini surfactants were then prepared by the alkylation of the precursor secondary amine with oligoethylene glycol diglycidyl ethers. They were structurally characterized by proton and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Members of this family reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 21 mN/m at concentration levels of 10 −5 mol/L. These gemini compounds showed two critical aggregation concentration values. This behavior resulted from the formation of premicellar aggregates before true micelles were formed.In recent years, silicone surfactants have attracted considerable interest because of their many technical applications. Owing to their unique molecular structure compared with that of normal hydrocarbon surfactants, they have excellent surface-active properties for special purposes. They can also reduce the surface tension of water to lower values than can be obtained using traditional organic surfactants. Furthermore, because of their bulkiness and molecular structure, the adhesion forces between the individual molecules in interfacial films are small; for this reason, the compounds act as good wetting agents. Silicone surfactants are also known for their low physiological risk in cosmetic applications.In contrast, sugar-based surfactants have been known for many years. In recent years, they have begun to be produced on an industrial scale and their use has gradually increased because of their valuable properties, such as good dermatological compatibility, excellent biodegradability, and the absence of toxic effects.Over a decade ago, gemini (dimeric) surfactants, a new class of surfactants consisting of two hydrophobic chains and two hydrophilic headgroups connected by a relatively short (rigid or flexible) spacer, were developed. These dimeric compounds show improved surfactant properties compared with monomeric surfactants. Gemini surfactants have attracted considerable interest, since these compounds have much smaller critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, much greater efficiency in reducing surface tension than expected, and better aggregation behavior. Gemini surfactants have been generating increasing interest owing to their tunable molecular geometry and their superior performance in applications (the CMC of the gemini is very low, so less gemini may be needed to reduce the surface tension of the solution).The unique surfactant properties of gemini surfactants have prompted investigations by a number of researchers. Those that have been studied in greatest depth, in terms of their physicochemical behavior, have been the cationic gemin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Synthesis and characterization of glucosamide‐based trisiloxane gemini surfactants

Zhang

2004

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…Data concerning the ionization degree α of dimeric surfactant micelles have been mostly obtained from the analysis of smallangle neutron scattering (SANS) and electrical conductivity data (12,15,63,67,(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74). The electrical conductivity data have been recently reinterpreted (66) and this resulted in values of α lower and more precise than those in other reports (12,67).…”

Section: Micelle Ionization Degreementioning

confidence: 95%

“…The effect of the spacer conformation on the aggregation of dimeric surfactants was investigated for surfactant A5 with m = 8, and with the phenylenedimethylene spacer having the ortho, meta, or para structure (69). At a concentrations of 2.5 wt% the ortho surfactant formed micelles whereas the meta and para surfactants gave rise to only small aggregates of aggregation number 3-4.…”

Section: Micelle Size and Polydispersitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimeric (Gemini) Surfactants: Effect of the Spacer Group on the Association Behavior in Aqueous Solution

Zana

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

680

538

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“…Several of these studies involved measurements of surface tension for the determination of the surface area occupied by a dimeric surfactant at the air/water interface and its cmc (4,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and of electrical conductivity for cmc determinations (17)(18)(19). Others involved thermodynamic measurements (21,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) Surfactants

Zana

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

146

100

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Small-angle neutron-scattering study and micellar model of the gemini (phenylenedimethylene)bis( n -octylammonium)dibromide surfactant micelles in water

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis and characterization of glucosamide‐based trisiloxane gemini surfactants

Synthesis and characterization of glucosamide‐based trisiloxane gemini surfactants

Dimeric (Gemini) Surfactants: Effect of the Spacer Group on the Association Behavior in Aqueous Solution

Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) Surfactants

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