Small-angle scattering applications to materials science

Gerold, V.; Kostorz, G.

doi:10.1107/s0021889878013497

Cited by 126 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This work is summarized in review articles by Schmatz (1975) and Gerold & Kostorz (1978). While the (b × Q) • 1 asymmetry predicted by Seeger was verified, the preferred-orientation I/Q 2 behavior and the orientation-average 1/Q 3 behavior were not (Schmatz, 1975;Gerold & Kostorz, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-angle neutron scattering study of dislocations in deformed single-crystal copper

Heuser

1994

J Appl Cryst

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Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of deformed single-crystal copper have been performed over a wave-vector transfer range of 0.0655 <__ Q < 1.32 nm -l. The measurements included four samples deformed in compression at room temperature along the [110] direction to 6.8, 15.6, 35.0 and 54.3% reduction in thickness and an undeformed reference sample. The response of the reference sample followed the Porod law at lowest (Q and was, at least in part, the result of scattering from the external surfaces of the sample. The radially averaged net cross sections were found to increase with increasing deformation, while the power-law exponent n (dZ'/d~ ~x 1/Q '~) decreased from 7t _~ 3 to n ~ 2.2 with increasing deformation. The scattering response of the two most deformed samples was noticeably anisotropic. Analysis of this anisotropy revealed strong 1/Q 2 scattering perpendicular to the { 111 } dislocation slip planes, in agreement with the theoretical work of Seeger [J. . Phys. (1959), 30, 629--637]. The decrease in the radially averaged power-law exponent is therefore attributed to strong 1/Q 2 behavior at the highest levels of deformation. Bulk-averaged edge dislocation densities that varied systematically from approximately 1 × 10 ~° to 5 × 101° cm -2 were obtained from the measured data. Appl

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-angle neutron scattering study of dislocations in deformed single-crystal copper

Heuser

1994

J Appl Cryst

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“…Within these limitations, SAS techniques nevertheless have been instrumental in many studies of microstructural features in inorganic materials. The theoretical foundations for the case of X-rays (Guinier & Fournet, 1955;Gerold, 1967) can be extended to SANS (Schmatz, 1973;Kostorz, 1979Kostorz, , 1983a, and reviews of applications to inorganic materials have been published on numerous occasions [Schmatz (1973[Schmatz ( , 1978; Gerold & Kostorz (1978); Kostorz (1979Kostorz ( , 1982Kostorz ( , 1983aKostorz ( ,b, 1988a; for ceramics see Page (1988); for vitreous and amorphous systems see Wright (1985); Lamparter & Steeb (1988); Kranold & Walter (1991)]. In view of these publications and the other pertinent contributions at this conference, the present survey will concentrate on recent work concerning (mostly diffusion-controlled) decomposition of crystalline alloys, magnetic SANS and defects in alloys and semiconductors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-angle scattering studies of phase separation and defects in inorganic materials

Kostorz¹

1991

J Appl Cryst

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The use of X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering in the study of microstructural changes in inorganic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on recent developments. In the kinetics of diffusion-controlled phase separation, reliable data on the evolution of size and shape of the decomposition products may be obtained especially from in situ ageing experiments. Magnetic neutron scattering is discussed for inhomogeneous ferromagnets. While for the structural characterization of binary systems singlewavelength experiments are sufficient, variable X-ray wavelengths now available at synchrotron-radiation facilities open possibilities for the study of partial structure functions in systems containing several components. The combined use of small-angle scattering and complementary techniques is of particular value in more complex cases. These points are illustrated by a survey of recent results on phase separation and precipitates in binary and ternary crystalline alloys and on radiation-induced microstructural changes in metallic and semiconducting materials.

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“…However, the effect of this discrepancy on the evaluation of the scattering due to the concentration fluctuations can be neglected. Equation (5) is strictly valid only for q = 0, but may, according to [20], be applied as a good approximation for small values of q. Hence:…”

Section: Intensity Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Cd-Ga Melts Part 2: X-Ray Small-Angle Scattering

Hermann

Rainer-Harbach

Steeb

1980

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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X-ray small-angle scattering experiments were performed on nine melts of the Cd-Ga system at different temperatures up to 440°C. Evaluation of the data follows the Ornstein-Zernike theory of critical scattering, thus yielding correlation lengths £ of concentration fluctuations and the long-wavelength limit Sec (0) of the Bhatia-Thornton structure factor. Studies of the concentration and temperature dependence of £ and Sec (0) indicate that the critical point occurs at cc = 50.0 ± 1-0 at % Ga and Tc -295.2 ± 0-1° C. For a melt with the critical concentration, Sec (0) increases up to 3500 times the ideal $cc (0)=CACB-This indicates a strong segregation tendency. In the vicinity of the critical point of the Cd-Ga system, experimental correlation lengths | > 100 A were obtained. The critical-point exponents v and y were determined. It follows that the behaviour of a critical Cd-Ga melt satisfies the prediction of the classical mean-field theory for higher temperatures, whereas, within experimental accuracy, the lattice-gas predictions are satisfied upon approaching the critical temperature.

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Small-angle scattering applications to materials science

Cited by 126 publications

References 70 publications

Small-angle neutron scattering study of dislocations in deformed single-crystal copper

Small-angle neutron scattering study of dislocations in deformed single-crystal copper

Small-angle scattering studies of phase separation and defects in inorganic materials

Structure of Cd-Ga Melts Part 2: X-Ray Small-Angle Scattering

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