Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of zinc stearate-filled sulfonated poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-ethylidene norbornene) ionomers

Jackson, Derek; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.; Weiß, Robert

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19991101)37:21<3141::aid-polb23>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Many more plasticizer/aggregate pairs fall into the latter category, with glycerol being a common polar plasticizer [87][88][89][90]. To this reviewers' knowledge, certain metal soaps [91][92][93] are the only plasticizers that fall into the former category.…”

Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A zinc-neutralized PTMO-based polyurethane [84] and a sodium-neutralized EMAA [81] showed a decrease in both scattering angle and peak height with increasing temperature, suggesting that some aggregates (presumably small ones) were breaking apart; however, an alternate interpretation is that both aggregate size and spatial distribution are becoming more disordered. A study on zinc-neutralized S-EPDM shows a decrease in peak intensity with increasing temperature (the authors do not describe what happens to the peak position unfortunately), which was again taken as evidence of ionic aggregates breaking apart [93]. However, the melt viscosity remains extremely high suggesting that the effect might be that the aggregate size and spatial distribution is becoming more disordered.…”

Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Grady

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

101

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This review presents a description of what is known about ionomer morphology. All papers on ionomer morphology are not included in this review; but all relevant questions about ionomer morphology are posed and answered as completely as possible. The review is critical; that is, reasons are given for morphologies that are deemed to be more or less likely. The review is organized along three length scales: sub-nanometer, nanometer to 10 nm, and greater than 10 nm. Within each length scale, all three phases are considered: crystalline, amorphous, and ionic aggregate. The purity of the three phases, the arrangement of atoms in the three phases, the size and shape of the three phases, and their arrangements in space relative to each other are explored in this review. A model for the shape of aggregates in ionomers that have well-ordered internal environments is presented. This model proposes that aggregates are fundamentally planar, but will ''roll up'' into tubes or other related structures in order to reduce the number of atoms at aggregate edges. This model was developed primarily based on the varied morphologies ionomers have shown in electron micrographs, but is consistent with other indirect measurements of ionomer morphology.

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Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Grady

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

101

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“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Under a certain amount, the organic salts aggregate with the ionic groups. Most of them treat the plasticizing and filling effects of functional organic salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic nanocomposite networks in poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) copolymers with calcium carbonate

Chevallier¹,

Ni²,

Vera³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To create reversible supramolecular ionic networks, ionic cross-links were formed from acid pendant functions in poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymers by the addition of calcium carbonate. The random dispersion of acid functions in the polystyrene chain is ensured by NMR analysis. The partial reaction of the calcium carbonate with the carboxylic acids is highlighted by a limewater test. The influence of methacrylic acid and calcium-carbonate contents on the formation of an ionic network has been studied through solubility tests. Two main effects were obtained: the exfoliation of the unreacted calcium carbonate characterized by TEM is due to ionic interactions at the surface of nanometric particles that form the first level of organization of the calcium carbonate. Another part of the calcium carbonate reacts with carboxylic acid and is detached from particles to form clusters as shown by x-ray analysis. Finally, by analyzing the dynamic rheological spectrum, the conclusion that the strength of the ionic bonds arises with the calcium content is made. The interest of such an approach with a wide range of observed phenomena in the material is a one-batch process to make thermoreversible nanocomposite networks.

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“…Lundberg and coworkers reported a marked improvement in the melt viscosity, tensile strength, elongation at break, and swelling of sulfonate containing ethylene‐propylene‐diolefin terpolymer (EPDM) ionomers with the addition of metal stearates such as zinc stearate [8–10]. Weiss reported similar studies on sulfonated‐EPDM ionomer where the thermal, crystallization, and dissolution behaviors of zinc stearate in the ionomer were investigated [11–13]. Weiss also reported an enhanced shape memory effect in ionomers by the introduction of fatty acid salts [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing and toughening of polypropylene with self‐assembled low molar mass additives

Yordem

Simanke

Lesser

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study presents a new approach to reinforce and toughen thermoplastic polymers by using a low molecular weight additive; calcium stearate (CaSt2). The method involves melt blending isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and CaSt2 at a process temperature where the CaSt2 reduces the process viscosity through its characteristic morphology. Once the mixture cools, CaSt2 coalesces and solidifies to develop reinforcing domains. Differential scanning calorimeter experiments demonstrate a significant reduction in the percent crystallinity of iPP with the addition of CaSt2. The changes in yield strength and modulus suggest a synergistic effect between the CaSt2 domains and iPP. Addition of 10% CaSt2 increases the fracture energy by almost four‐fold with a simultaneous increase in the elastic modulus. The melt flow rate of the composite is dramatically increased with CaSt2 incorporation. Reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion was also observed. Simultaneous positive effects of CaSt2 filler is attributed to its rich mesomorphic structure and its interaction with the iPP matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of zinc stearate-filled sulfonated poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-ethylidene norbornene) ionomers

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Ionic nanocomposite networks in poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) copolymers with calcium carbonate

Reinforcing and toughening of polypropylene with self‐assembled low molar mass additives

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