Small arteries stay stiff for a longer period following vibration exercises in combination with blood flow restriction

Karabulut, Ulku; Karabulut, Murat; James, Eric Guy

doi:10.1111/cpf.12516

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Of the 15 studies reporting vascular structure outcomes, 13 (87%) reported no differences between exercise with and without BFR (Table 1). Significant between group differences in vascular structure were reported in two studies following an exercise intervention of 16 weeks of BFR with resistance training (compared to high-intensity non-BFRE) (Ozaki et al, 2013) or a single session of whole-body vibration training with BFR (compared to whole-body vibration without BFR) (Karabulut, Karabulut & James, 2018).…”

Section: Vascular Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings from meta-regression analyses are summarized in Table S5 ( Lopes et al (2019) excluded as case study). For vascular structure, 15 studies were included within meta-regression models reflecting four vascular structure outcomes: pulse-wave velocity (PWV) (n = 5) (Credeur, Hollis & Welsch, 2010;Clark et al, 2011;Credeur et al, 2019;Fahs et al, 2014;Figueroa & Vicil, 2011), vascular compliance (n = 5) (Karabulut, Karabulut & James, 2018;Ozaki et al, 2013;Fahs et al, 2012;Mouser et al, 2019;Sardeli et al, 2017), cardio-ankle vascular index (n = 3) (Yasuda et al, 2015a;Yasuda et al, 2015b;Yasuda et al, 2016) and arterial diameter (n = 2) (Paiva et al, 2016;Renzi, Tanaka & Sugawara, 2010). No significant associations were identified between BFRE protocol factors and effect sizes (all p-values >0.05).…”

Section: Meta-regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, it is possible that the accumulation of metabolites under anaerobic conditions during BFRE may trigger the metaboreflex, leading to increases in sympathetic activity and vasoconstriction, and greater total peripheral resistance (Da Cunha Nascimento, Schoenfeld & Prestes, 2020;Cristina-Oliveira et al, 2020). Studies that have investigated the effects of BFRE on VF have reported heterogenous results, with both beneficial and deleterious (Karabulut, Karabulut & James, 2018;Paiva et al, 2016;Millis et al, 2017) effects reported for VF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neto

Lewthwaite

Boyle

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Blood flow restricted exercise (BFRE) improves physical fitness, with theorized positive effects on vascular function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to report (1) the effects of BFRE on vascular function in adults with or without chronic health conditions, and (2) adverse events and adherence reported for BFRE. Methodology Five electronic databases were searched by two researchers independently to identify studies reporting vascular outcomes following BFRE in adults with and without chronic conditions. When sufficient data were provided, meta-analysis and exploratory meta-regression were performed. Results Twenty-six studies were included in the review (total participants n = 472; n = 41 older adults with chronic conditions). Meta-analysis (k = 9 studies) indicated that compared to exercise without blood flow restriction, resistance training with blood flow restriction resulted in significantly greater effects on endothelial function (SMD 0.76; 95% CI [0.36–1.14]). No significant differences were estimated for changes in vascular structure (SMD −0.24; 95% CI [−1.08 to 0.59]). In exploratory meta-regression analyses, several experimental protocol factors (design, exercise modality, exercised limbs, intervention length and number of sets per exercise) were significantly associated with the effect size for endothelial function outcomes. Adverse events in BFRE studies were rarely reported. Conclusion There is limited evidence, predominantly available in healthy young adults, on the effect of BFRE on vascular function. Signals pointing to effect of specific dynamic resistance exercise protocols with blood flow restriction (≥4 weeks with exercises for the upper and lower limbs) on endothelial function warrant further investigation.

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Section: Vascular Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meta-regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neto

Lewthwaite

Boyle

et al. 2021

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additionally, studies by Kambič et al (2019 , 2021) have reported that BFR training is safe and is associated with significant improvements in muscle strength and improved muscle function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and that 8weeks of BFR resistance training can significantly lower systolic and lower diastolic blood pressure with no changes in N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic hormone, fibrinogen, and D-dimer values in patients with CAD. Large artery compliance increased the same amount and small artery compliance less than observed with high-load exercise without restriction ( Fahs et al, 2012 ), but another study reported that small arteries stay stiff for a longer period of time following acute vibration exercises in combination with blood flow restriction ( Karabulut et al, 2018 ). With respect to the possible development of a thrombosis (as indicated by an increase in D-dimer) with BFR exercise, no reports have been found in the existing literature ( Fry et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Safety Issues and Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Blood Flow Restricted Exercise

2021

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The use of blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise has become an accepted alternative approach to improve skeletal muscle mass and function and improve cardiovascular function in individuals that are not able to or do not wish to use traditional exercise protocols that rely on heavy loads and high training volumes. BFR exercise involves the reduction of blood flow to working skeletal muscle by applying a flexible cuff to the most proximal portions of a person’s arms or legs that results in decreased arterial flow to the exercising muscle and occluded venous return back to the central circulation. Safety concerns, especially related to the cardiovascular system, have not been consistently reported with a few exceptions; however, most researchers agree that BFR exercise can be a relatively safe technique for most people that are free from serious cardiovascular disease, as well as those with coronary artery disease, and also for people suffering from chronic conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and osteoarthritis. Potential mechanisms to explain the benefits of BFR exercise are still mostly speculative and may require more invasive studies or the use of animal models to fully explore mechanisms of adaptation. The setting of absolute resistive pressures has evolved, from being based on an individual’s systolic blood pressure to a relative measure that is based on various percentages of the pressures needed to totally occlude blood flow in the exercising limb. However, since several other issues remain unresolved, such as the actual external loads used in combination with BFR, the type of cuff used to induce the blood flow restriction, and whether the restriction is continuous or intermittent, this paper will attempt to address these additional concerns.

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“…In studies involving BFR training, arterial stiffness and/or compliance are assessed non-invasively using pulse wave velocity (PWV), cardio-ankle vascular index testing (CAVI), or Doppler ultrasonography ( Hunt et al, 2013 ; Yasuda et al, 2014 ; Karabulut et al, 2018 ). PWV is defined as the velocity at which pressure wave propagates along the arterial tree ( Pereira et al, 2015 ), and lower PWV values indicate reduced arterial stiffness.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced By Blood Flow Restriction Training Interventions: What Do We Know So Far?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Flow Restriction Training: To Adjust or Not Adjust the Cuff Pressure Over an Intervention Period?

et al. 2021

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Blood flow restriction (BFR) training combines exercise and partial reduction of muscular blood flow using a pressured cuff. BFR training has been used to increase strength and muscle mass in healthy and clinical populations. A major methodological concern of BFR training is blood flow restriction pressure (BFRP) delivered during an exercise bout. Although some studies increase BFRP throughout a training intervention, it is unclear whether BFRP adjustments are pivotal to maintain an adequate BFR during a training period. While neuromuscular adaptations induced by BFR are widely studied, cardiovascular changes throughout training intervention with BFR and their possible relationship with BFRP are less understood. This study aimed to discuss the need for BFRP adjustment based on cardiovascular outcomes and provide directions for future researches. We conducted a literature review and analyzed 29 studies investigating cardiovascular adaptations following BFR training. Participants in the studies were healthy, middle-aged adults, older adults and clinical patients. Cuff pressure, when adjusted, was increased during the training period. However, cardiovascular outcomes did not provide a plausible rationale for cuff pressure increase. In contrast, avoiding increments in cuff pressure may minimize discomfort, pain and risks associated with BFR interventions, particularly in clinical populations. Given that cardiovascular adaptations induced by BFR training are conflicting, it is challenging to indicate whether increases or decreases in BFRP are needed. Based on the available evidence, we suggest that future studies investigate if maintaining or decreasing cuff pressure makes BFR training safer and/or more comfortable with similar physiological adaptation.

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Small arteries stay stiff for a longer period following vibration exercises in combination with blood flow restriction

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Evolution of Blood Flow Restricted Exercise

Blood Flow Restriction Training: To Adjust or Not Adjust the Cuff Pressure Over an Intervention Period?

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