Small at Birth, but How Small? The Definition of SGA Revisited

Zeve, Daniel; Regelmann, Molly O.; Holzman, Ian R.; Rapaport, Robert

doi:10.1159/000449275

Cited by 76 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Earlier studies on children born SGA at term and cognitive development are diverse, both in terms of the definition of SGA, varying from 2.3rd to 15th percentile, and of the definitions of cognitive disability [30]. In a review from 2010, de Bie et al showed a subtle but statistically significant decrease in intelligence level and cognitive disabilities in children born SGA, even though different definitions of SGA make comparisons more difficult [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Born Small for Gestational Age and Poor School Performance – How Small Is Too Small?

et al. 2017

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Aim: To assess the relationship between severity of small for gestational age (SGA) and the risk of poor school performance, and to investigate whether adult stature modifies this risk. Methods: 1,088,980 Swedish children born at term between 1973 and 1988 were categorized into severe SGA (less than –3 standard deviations (SD) of expected birth weight), moderate SGA (–2.01 to –3 SD), mild SGA (–1.01 to –2 SD), and appropriate for gestational age (–1 to 0.99 SD). The risk of poor school performance at the time of graduation from compulsory school (grades <10th percentile) was calculated using unconditional logistic regression models and adjusted for socio-economic factors. In a sub-analysis, we stratified boys by adult stature, and adjusted for maternal but not paternal height. Results: All SGA groups were significantly associated with an increased risk of poor school performance, with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals ranging from 1.85 (1.65–2.07) for severe SGA to 1.25 (1.22–1.28) for mild SGA. In the sub-analysis, all birth weight groups were associated with an increased risk of poor school performance among boys with short stature compared to those with non-short stature. Conclusion: Mild SGA is associated with a significantly increased risk of poor school performance, and the risk increases with severity of SGA. Further, this risk diminishes after adequate catch-up growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Born Small for Gestational Age and Poor School Performance – How Small Is Too Small?

et al. 2017

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“…For clinical care the preferred definition is: small for gestational age defined as a weight and/or length less than -2 standard deviations (SD). However, ascertaining small for gestational age is not straightforward as it requires accurate measurement of anthropometry at birth including weight, length and head circumference (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Jordan and its association with under-five mortality: a population-based analysis

Islam¹,

Ababneh²,

Akter³

et al. 2020

East Mediterr Health J.

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Background: Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) is an important indicator of health and development of infants throughout their life. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Jordan and its association with under-5 mortality. Methods: In this secondary analysis, data were extracted from the 2012 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey for 9734 live births born in the 5 years preceding the survey and for which birth weight was reported. Data were collected on child and maternal characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the significant risk factors for low birth weight and mortality. Results: Of the 9734 births analysed, 13.8% were low birth weight and 1.3% were very low birth weight. Mother's age (< 30 and ≥ 35 years), education (less than higher education), birth interval (< 24 months and first birth), unplanned pregnancy, household wealth status (poorest and richest), consanguinity, residence (central and south regions of Jordan), female sex, birth order (1 and ≥ 6), twin birth and maternal smoking during pregnancy were significant risk factors for low birth weight. The risk of death under 5 years of age was 4.8 times higher in children with low birth weight than children with normal birth weight. Conclusions: The high rate of low birth weight and its increasing rate in Jordan is a challenge for public health. Preventing low birth weight neonates and increasing their survival need to be prioritized in the national health strategy. Special care needs to be taken for the high-risk groups identified in this study.

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“…Preterm birth was defined as birth before 37 completed gestational weeks. Using the most commonly used cutoffs (10th and 90th percentile in singletons), we categorized sex-and gestational age-specific z-score for birth weight into small-for-gestational age (SGA), appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) 43 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight and prematurity with lung function at ~17.5 years: “Children of 1997” birth cohort

Kwok

Yeung

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We aimed to determine if prematurity and lower birth weight are associated with poorer lung function in a non-western developed setting with less marked confounding by socioeconomic position. Using multivariable linear regression in Hong Kong's "Children of 1997" birth cohort, adjusted associations of prematurity and birth weight with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF 25-75%) at ~17.5 years were assessed. Associations for birth weight were stronger in boys for FEV 1 (boys: 0.31 L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 0.38, girls: 0.18 L, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.25), FVC (boys: 0.36 L, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.44, girls: 0.22 L, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.28) and FEF 25-75% (boys: 0.35 L, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.49, girls: 0.22 L, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.34) adjusted for age, socioeconomic position and infant and maternal characteristics. Similarly adjusted, preterm birth (compared to full-term birth) was associated with lower FEV 1 /FVC and FEF 25-75%. Thus, associations of lower birth weight, especially in boys, and prematurity with poorer lung function at 17.5 years were found. Identifying underlying mechanism might contribute to the improvement of pulmonary health and the prevention of adult respiratory illness. 75%)) in extreme preterm births while fewer studies have focused on lung function in late preterm births 6,19,22-26. Evidence from twin studies, which are less open to confounding by family socioeconomic position, is limited, but suggests lower birth weight is associated with poorer lung function, i.e. lower expiry in the first second

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Small at Birth, but How Small? The Definition of SGA Revisited

Cited by 76 publications

References 23 publications

Born Small for Gestational Age and Poor School Performance – How Small Is Too Small?

Born Small for Gestational Age and Poor School Performance – How Small Is Too Small?

Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Jordan and its association with under-five mortality: a population-based analysis

Birth weight and prematurity with lung function at ~17.5 years: “Children of 1997” birth cohort

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