Small Bodies of the Solar System Active at Large Heliocentric Distances: Studies with the 6-Meter Telescope of Sao Ras

Ivanova, Oleksandra

doi:10.1134/s1990341320010034

Astrophys. Bull.

2020

DOI: 10.1134/s1990341320010034

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Small Bodies of the Solar System Active at Large Heliocentric Distances: Studies with the 6-Meter Telescope of Sao Ras

Oleksandra Ivanova

Abstract: A detailed study of comets active at large heliocentric distances (greater than 4 au) which enter the Solar System for the first time and are composed of matter in its elementary, unprocessed state, would help in our understanding of the history and evolution of the Solar System. In particular, contemporary giant planet formation models require the presence of accretion of volatile elements such as neon, argon, krypton, xenon and others, which initially could not survive at the distances where giant planets we… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

(165 reference statements)

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Photometry and long-slit spectroscopy of the split comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)

Ivanova

Lukyanyk

Tomko

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present an analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic observations of the split comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS). Observations were carried out on 2020 April 14 and 16, when the heliocentric distance of the comet was 1.212 and 1.174 au, its geocentric distance 0.998 and 0.991 au, and the phase angle 52.°9 and 54.°5, respectively. The comet was observed with the 6-m BTA (Big Telescope Alt-azimuth) telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia) with the SCORPIO-2 (Spectral Camera with Optical Reducer for Photometric and Interferometric Observations) multimode focal reducer. The narrow-band BC and RC cometary filters in the continuum were used. We identified numerous emissions of CN, C2, C3, and NH2 molecules within the range of 3750–7100 Å. The C2/CN and C3/CN production rate ratios coincide with those of typical comets. Four fragments belonging to the coma were detected in both observational runs. We compared and analysed temporal variations of the visual magnitudes, gas productivity, and dust colour. Based on our dynamical investigation of the orbits of comets C/1844 Y1 (Great comet) and C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS), we can claim that, with high probability, the two comets do not have a common progenitor.

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Photometry and long-slit spectroscopy of the split comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)

Ivanova

Lukyanyk

Tomko

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Borderline hyperbolic comet C/2021 O3 (PANSTARRS) was fading as it approached the Sun

Evangelista-Santana,

De Prá,

Carvano

et al. 2023

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present an observational and numerical study of the borderline hyperbolic comet C/2021 O3 (PANSTARRS) performed during its recent passage through the inner Solar system. Our observations were carried out at OASI and SOAR between 2021 October and 2022 January, and reveal a low level of activity relative to which was measured for other long-period comets. In addition, we observed a decrease in brightness as the comet got closer to the Sun. Our photometric data, obtained as C/2021 O3 approached perihelion on 2022 April 21, show that the comet was much less active than what is usually expected in the cases of long-period comets, with Afρ values more in line with those of short-period comets (specifically, the Jupiter Family Comets). On the other hand, the observed increase in the value of the spectral slope as the amount of dust in the coma decreased could indicate that the smaller dust particles were being dispersed from the coma by radiation pressure faster than they were injected by possible sublimation jets. The analysis of its orbital evolution suggests that C/2021 O3 could be a dynamically old comet, or perhaps a new one masquerading as a dynamically old comet, with a likely origin in the Solar system.

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Brightness Behavior of Distant Oort Cloud Comets

Holt,

Knight,

Kelley

et al. 2024

Planet. Sci. J.

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Dynamically new comets provide important insights into the conditions of the presolar nebula and its evolution, as they are believed to have experienced minimal solar heating before their discovery. Since 2020 August, the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) Outbursting Objects Key Project has utilized LCO’s network of 1 m telescopes to consistently monitor long-period comets (LPCs) discovered inbound beyond 5 au from the Sun approximately every 3 days in order to characterize the brightness evolution, colors, and coma morphology of distant comets over a range of heliocentric distances. We report the long-term time-series photometry of 21 objects in our sample and coma morphology analyses for six comets with heliocentric distances less than 3 au. We find that LPCs rapidly brighten further from the Sun, and the brightening rate decreases as heliocentric distance decreases. We do not observe a clear difference in brightening rate for returning versus dynamically new comets. When LPCs are within 3 au of the Sun, they consistently exhibit a color change in a 20,000 km aperture consistent with an increase in gas production driven by water-ice sublimation. We find that returning comets experience the color change closer to the Sun than dynamically new comets, likely because their volatiles are more deeply buried or they have a higher dust-to-gas ratio after the upper layers are depleted of volatiles during a previous solar passage.

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Small Bodies of the Solar System Active at Large Heliocentric Distances: Studies with the 6-Meter Telescope of Sao Ras

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

Photometry and long-slit spectroscopy of the split comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)

Photometry and long-slit spectroscopy of the split comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)

Borderline hyperbolic comet C/2021 O3 (PANSTARRS) was fading as it approached the Sun

Brightness Behavior of Distant Oort Cloud Comets

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