Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents

Abstract

Biofilm formation by most pathogenic bacteria is considered as one of the key mechanisms associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Biofilm-forming bacteria adhere to the surfaces of biological or implant medical devices and create communities within their self-produced extracellular matrix that are difficult to treat by existing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to synthesize and screen structurally diverse molecules for their antibiofilm activity that can remove or minimize the bacterial biofilm. The development of carbohydrate-based small molecules as antibiofilm agents holds a great promise in addressing the problem of the eradication of biofilm-related infections. Owing to their structural diversity and specificity, the sugar scaffolds are valuable entities for developing antibiofilm agents. In this perspective, we discuss the literature pertaining to carbohydrate-based natural antibiofilm agents and provide an overview of the design, activity, and mode of action of potent synthetic carbohydrate-based molecules.

Radical polymerization of polydivinylbenzene in the pores of activated carbon and structural characterization

“…Probably, the strengths of these two interactions depend on the kinds of monomer molecules and the interactions are based on π−π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. [44][45][46][47][48][49] Similar to the layer model, the interaction between DVB and the carbon surface is required for polymerizing DVB inside the AC pores. The hybridization based on the agglomeration model can be used to discuss the EDLC performance of porous carbons, specifically the relation between ion diffusion and EDLC performance.…”

NHC/B(OH)3-mediated C3-selective acylation of unprotected monosaccharides: mechanistic insights and toward simpler/greener solutions

“…1 They also function as basic building blocks for assembling various functional molecules, including medicines 2 and natural products. 3 A crucial category of reactions involved in transforming saccharide building blocks into useful molecules is acylation, which converts hydroxyl groups into corresponding carboxylic esters. 4 These acylation processes can serve as protection strategies in saccharide transforming chemistry 4 a , c ,5 or as critical steps in linking saccharides with other structures for various purposes, such as preparing prodrugs.…”

Synthesis of Bodipy-Tagged Galactoconjugates and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties

“…To address this, various antimicrobial drugs [19] (e.g., antibacterial peptides and amphiphiles) and antibacterial materials [20] (e.g., nanoparticles [21], hydrogels, engineered surfaces [22], and surface coatings [23]) have been developed. In addition, the presence of two tetralkylammonium functionalities within the structural skeleton of one of the two BODIPY derivatives strengthened the possibility of GalTEBB-2 acting as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [24], or eradicating bacterial biofilms [25] without losing the luminescence properties of the BODIPY scaffolds.…”