Small cell lung cancer: Recent changes in clinical presentation and prognosis

Vázquez, Alberto Caballero; Flores, Paula García; Ortiz, Ana Romero; Moral, Raimundo García del; Alcázar‐Navarrete, Bernardino

doi:10.1111/crj.13119

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…More than 70% of SCLC patients have metastasized at the time of diagnosis, and the 5-year survival rate of metastatic patients is less than 1%. 7 TRAP1 can interact with TNF receptors and participate in cell signal transduction by helping protein folding, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of tumors. 8 In addition, TRAP1 can protect mitochondria from oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRAP1 Shows Clinical Significance in the Early Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Li¹,

Xu²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Purpose To explore the clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein (TRAP1), mitotic arrest deficient 2 (mad2) and anti-nuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients and Methods Serum concentrations of TRAP1 and MSA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), including SCLC group (Num.=86), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) group (Num.=105), pulmonary nodules (PN) group (Num.=94), and 60 healthy subjects as control group (Num.=60). Whereas fluorescence quantitative PCR (qt-PCR) method was used to detect the expression of mad2. Results The expression of TRAP1 was low in SCLC and NSCLC compared with the other two groups, and was the lowest in SCLC, which was negatively correlated with the occurrence of the disease (P<0.05); the sensitivity and specificity of TRAP1 for SCLC were 75.29%, 93.33%, and the area under SCLC curve was 0.903; compared with the other three groups, the level of MSA was the highest in the SCLC, and the results were significantly different (P<0.05), while the area under the SCLC curve was 0.856, and the sensitivity and specificity were 62.78% and 95.24%, respectively. Mad2 is overexpressed in SCLC, but not in PN. The area under the SCLC curve is 0.835, and the sensitivity and specificity are 56.98% and 92.38%; TRAP1 levels are negatively correlated with SCLC tumor stage, the level of TRAP1 was significantly lower in stage III–IV than in stage I–II (P<0.05); combined analysis of TRAP1 and MAD2 and MSA showed that the sensitivity and specificity for SCLS were 95.35% and 99.05%, respectively. Conclusion TRAP1 is of great value in the early diagnosis of SCLC as well as differential diagnosis with NSCLC. TRAP1 combined with MAD2 and MSA improved the sensitivity and specificity and provided a new idea for the clinical diagnosis of SCLC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRAP1 Shows Clinical Significance in the Early Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Li¹,

Xu²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

JIR

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“… 14 , 15 A recent study evaluated the benefits of increased incorporation of EBUS and PET/CT and indicated a more precise stratification. 16 The data suggest that FDG-PET/CT alone could not match up to that gain of stratification. Compared to CT alone an improvement in accurate staging by incorporating PET/CT scans was shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Accuracy of nodal staging by 18F-FDG-PET/CT in limited disease small-cell lung cancer

Hockmann,

Hautzel,

Darwiche

et al. 2023

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann

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Background Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly aggressive with a nearly incurable disease in most cases. The most important prognostic factor is the status of the mediastinal lymph nodes. Only a small proportion of patients can be diagnosed at early stages and directed to curative multimodal treatment. Therefore, accuracy of nodal staging by (18F)-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in (very) limited disease SCLC, although not well investigated, is highly important. Methods Treatment naive, non-bulky patients treated or diagnosed with SCLC between June 2012 and April 2020 with complete data including FDG-PET/CT and invasive mediastinal staging were retrospectively analyzed ( n = 19). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy of mediastinal lymph node staging of 18F-FDG-PET/CT was calculated. Results The FDG-PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 91%, and the specificity was calculated as 87.5%. In this cohort, the disease prevalence in lymph nodes was 58% ( n = 11). Positive predictive value was 91%, NPV 88% and accuracy calculated at 89%. One patient was upstaged from single-level N2 to multilevel N2. In one patient, upstaging in invasive staging was performed from N2 to N3, and one patient was downstaged from N1 to N0. Conclusions FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool for the detection of distant metastases, but in mediastinal staging of SCLC some limitations might remain. Invasive methods remain the gold standard. Therefore, the mediastinal lymph nodal status of patients with SCLC screened for multimodal treatment should be further evaluated by additional invasive techniques to verify the exact N-staging and to optimize treatment stratification.

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“…Apart from classical sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage or brushing specimens, the most common cytological preparations for SCLC diagnosis derive from fine-needle aspiration by different approaches including manual (i.e., from superficial lymph nodes) or US-guided (i.e., from the liver) or transbronchial (i.e., from the mediastinum) with or without an endobronchial US guide [9, 10]. Rarely, SCLC diagnosis could derive from the involvement of the pleural cavity with a malignant pleural effusion [11, 12].…”

Section: Morphological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: What We Learned about It?

2021

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Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a high-grade aggressive disease that belongs to the neuroendocrine (NE) group of lung tumors that also includes typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, and large-cell NE carcinoma. SCLC has specific histological diagnostic criteria that are sometimes troublesome to be assessed in cytological samples that indeed represent the most frequent source of diagnostic material due to the typical advanced presentation at the onset of SCLC. However, cytological preparations could be in some instances more reliable than histology due to the better preservation of nuclear details. Cytological criteria for diagnosis of SCLC include high cellularity, small cell size, scant cytoplasm, coarsely granulated chromatin with “salt-and-pepper” appearance, inconspicuous or absent nucleoli, Azzopardi crush effect, and necrotic debris in the background. Despite being distinctive, these features could be incomplete to differentiate SCLC with other small-cell neoplasia. Therefore, immunocytochemical determination of diagnostic biomarkers is crucial to achieve a confident diagnosis. Furthermore, recent findings on molecular and transcriptomic studies of SCLC revealed the potential rise of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers that, whenever validated by immunocytochemistry, may potentially assist to tailor the best therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition.

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Small cell lung cancer: Recent changes in clinical presentation and prognosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

TRAP1 Shows Clinical Significance in the Early Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer

TRAP1 Shows Clinical Significance in the Early Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Accuracy of nodal staging by 18F-FDG-PET/CT in limited disease small-cell lung cancer

Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: What We Learned about It?

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