The advance of modern approaches in cell research, including genomics, proteomics, molecular genetics, and new and improved imaging technologies, is changing our views on the form, the function, and the regulation of the plant cytoskeleton. Ever since their discovery in plant cells in the 1960s and 1970s, the function of microtubules and actin microfilaments has been analyzed largely by pharmacological strategies. The use of cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs provided broad insights into the participation of microtubule or actin microfilament arrays in specific cell functions. The shift to a more integrative approach in the last few years has revolutionized the way we look at the plant cytoskeleton. Our initial view of static images has shifted to dramatic motion pictures of live, dynamic networks, and descriptive views have been replaced by mechanistic insights. Indeed, we are now attempting to understand how the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton are integrated into the regulatory networks underlying complex plant processes, from sexual reproduction to organ morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. Investigating the mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal organization and dynamics has also revealed previously unknown cytoskeletal functions. Integrating this new knowledge is reflected by a large volume of recent reviews (Kost and Chua,