Small eddies observed in Lake Superior using SAR and sea surface temperature imagery

McKinney, Paul; Holt, Benjamin; Matsumoto, Katsumi

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.023

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Those limits indicate that 'black' eddies, or biogenic surface films in general, manifest in SAR imagery at wind speeds ranging from 0.2 to 5.6 m s −1 , while 'white' eddies" are found when the wind speed is in the range from 0.6 to 12.5 m s −1 . This finding is in good agreement with previous studies performed using in situ (buoy) wind speed measurements (DiGiacomo and Holt 2001;McKinney, Holt, and Matsumoto 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is noteworthy that these wind speed limits found using model data are in surprisingly good agreement with similar studies based on in situ (buoy) wind speed measurements. Thus, according to both DiGiacomo and Holt (2001) and McKinney, Holt, and Matsumoto (2012), no 'black' eddies were found when the wind speed exceeded 6 m s −1 . The influence of the application of these derived wind speed limits is demonstrated in Figure 2(b) and (c).…”

Section: Defining Wind Speed Limitsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…McKinney, Holt, and Matsumoto (2012) investigated SAR images of Lake Superior obtained in 1992-1998 and discovered 41 cyclonic and 4 anticyclonic eddies with a mean diameter of 9.8 km. The analysis of corresponding sea surface temperature (SST) images indicated that the eddies were located in the vicinity of thermal fronts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved statistics of sub-mesoscale eddies in the Baltic Sea retrieved from SAR imagery

Karimova

Gade

2016

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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In the present article the spatio-temporal distribution of submesoscale eddies seen in Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) imagery of the Baltic Sea is discussed. A total of 1250 ASAR images acquired between 2009 and 2011 form the basis of our studies and show imprints of almost 7000 sub-mesoscale eddies. Since the visibility of vortical structures in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery significantly depends on the nearsurface wind speed, wind data from a numerical model of the Baltic Sea were additionally used to obtain improved eddy statistics. Seasonally averaged fields of near-surface wind speed, surface currents, sea surface temperature (SST), and SST gradient were also analysed in order to reveal the role of these hydrophysical parameters in the observed spatial and temporal variation of submesoscale eddies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Defining Wind Speed Limitsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Improved statistics of sub-mesoscale eddies in the Baltic Sea retrieved from SAR imagery

Karimova

Gade

2016

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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“…A good model-data agreement in surface ice cover [White et al, 2012, supporting information] also suggests that vertical mixing in the model is reasonable, because the supply of heat by vertical mixing from below helps melt ice as does surface heat flux from the atmosphere. In addition, results from this model have been useful in informing the presence of remotely sensed eddies in Lake Superior [McKinney et al, 2012].…”

Section: Physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and dissolved oxygen cycle in Lake Superior: Insights from a numerical model

Matsumoto

Tokos

Gregory

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Ventilation and dissolved oxygen in Lake Superior are key factors that determine the fate of various natural and anthropogenic inputs to the lake. We employ an idealized age tracer and biogeochemical tracers in a realistically configured numerical model of Lake Superior to characterize its ventilation and dissolved O 2 cycle. Our results indicate that Lake Superior is preferentially ventilated over rough bathymetry and that spring overturning following a very cold winter does not completely ventilate the lake interior. While this is unexpected for a dimictic lake, no part of the lake remains isolated from the atmosphere for more than 300 days. Our results also show that Lake Superior's oxygen cycle is dominated by solubility changes; as a result, the expected relationship between biological consumption of dissolved O 2 and ventilation age does not manifest.

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“…Submesoscale currents are defined as motions having length scales of $ 100 m-10 km and time scales of hours to days, respectively, and are often associated with lateral buoyancy gradients and fronts (Thomas et al 2008;McWilliams 2016). Submesoscale features have not been identified or examined in large lakes, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes, although eddy-and front-like features are sometimes observed in satellite synthetic aperture radar imagery (Ralph 2002;McKinney et al 2012) and in the patterns of resuspension plumes (Lee et al 2007;Eadie et al 2008) and chlorophyll a plumes (Kerfoot et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral dispersion of dye and drifters in the center of a very large lake

Choi

Troy

Hawley

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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To better understand lateral dispersion of buoyant and nonbuoyant pollutants within the surface waters of large lakes, two lateral dispersion experiments were carried out in Lake Michigan during the stratified period: (1) a dye tracking experiment lasting 1 d; and (2) a drifter tracking experiment lasting 24 d. Both the dye patch and drifters were surface‐released at the center of Lake Michigan's southern basin. Near‐surface shear induced by near‐inertial Poincaré waves partially explains elevated dye dispersion rates (1.5–4.2 m2 s−1). During the largely windless first 5 d of the drifter release, the drifters exhibited nearly scale‐independent dispersion ( K ∼ L0.2), with an average dispersion coefficient of 0.14 m2 s−1. Scale‐dependent drifter dispersion ensued after 5 d, with K ∼ L1.09 and corresponding dispersion coefficients of 0.3–2.0 m2 s−1 for length scales L = 1500–8000 m. The largest drifter dispersion rates were found to be associated with lateral shear‐induced spreading along a thermal front. Comparisons with other systems show a wide range of spreading rates for large lakes, and larger rates in both the ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, which may be caused by the relative absence of submesoscale processes in offshore Lake Michigan.

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Small eddies observed in Lake Superior using SAR and sea surface temperature imagery

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Improved statistics of sub-mesoscale eddies in the Baltic Sea retrieved from SAR imagery

Improved statistics of sub-mesoscale eddies in the Baltic Sea retrieved from SAR imagery

Ventilation and dissolved oxygen cycle in Lake Superior: Insights from a numerical model

Lateral dispersion of dye and drifters in the center of a very large lake

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