Small extracellular vesicles derived from tendon stem cells promote the healing of injured Achilles tendons by regulating miR-145-3p

Hydrogel-exosome system in tissue engineering: A promising therapeutic strategy

“…Chemical modifications can also significantly broaden the applications for protein hydrogels, endowing them with more intricate physiological functionalities. As an example, a gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel loaded with extracellular vesicles derived from tenocytes (TSC-sEV) has been administered in liquid form and subsequently solidified through UV irradiation, which has enabled effective coverage of irregular surfaces of injured Achilles tendon tissue [ 106 ]. In another study, within infected wounds, bacteria secrete gelatinase, leading to the degradation of the gelatin hydrogel structure.…”

The Use of Extracellular Vesicles in Achilles Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review

“…As such, there is currently a focus on the identification of treatments that may assist in the cellular cascades related to AT injury by preserving AT morphology and function. To combat these changes, cellular therapies have been suggested as they have shown efficacy in maintaining tendon health [20,21]. Notably, extracellular vesicles (EV) are of particular promise within AT restoration, where EVs can attenuate the deleterious immune cascades, accelerate tendon angiogenesis, and preserve tendon integrity [22][23][24].…”