Small for gestational age (SGA) neonates show reduced suppressive activity of their regulatory T cells

Steinborn, Andrea; Engst, Martina; Haensch, Gertrud Maria; Mahnke, Karsten; Schmitt, Edgar; Meuer, Stefan; Sohn, Christof

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.003

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We found that moderate/late preterm Treg had slightly reduced Tcon suppressive activity compared to term, as previously reported in a study comparing preterm (29–35w) with term (37–42w) newborns [50]. In this study, the low level of FOXP3 expression in Treg from preterm neonates correlated with low suppressive activity [50]. However, in our study, similar FOXP3 MFI was found in the different groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This difference could be explained by the long period of pre-activation (2 cycles of 6 days with polyclonal stimulus) used by Fan et al, 2012, compared with the 4-days stimulation in our experiments. We found that moderate/late preterm Treg had slightly reduced Tcon suppressive activity compared to term, as previously reported in a study comparing preterm (29–35w) with term (37–42w) newborns [50]. In this study, the low level of FOXP3 expression in Treg from preterm neonates correlated with low suppressive activity [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Effect of chorioamnionitis on regulatory T cells in moderate/late preterm neonates

et al. 2015

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Regulatory T-cells (Treg) have a protective role for the control of immune activation and tissue damage. The effects of chorioamnionitis (chorio) on Treg in moderate/late preterm newborns are not known. We hypothesized that infants exposed to chorio would have decreased Treg frequency and/or function. We isolated mononuclear cells from adult peripheral blood and cord blood from term and moderate/late preterm infants who were classified for severity of chorio exposure. Mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for Treg frequency and phenotype. Treg suppression of activation of conventional T-cells (Tcon) was also quantified. Treg frequencies were similar in all groups of neonates, but lower than that found in adults. Newborn Treg had a naïve phenotype, with decreased levels of CD45RO, HLA-DR, CD39 and TIGIT compared to adult Treg and chorio did not affect the phenotype. Treg from preterm newborns exposed to severe chorio had higher expression of Ki67 compared to the other groups. Treg from preterm newborns were less suppressive than Treg from adults or term, and the level of suppression was reduced with severe chorio. Relative to term, Treg frequency and phenotype were not affected by prematurity and chorio but their functionality was decreased. Lower Treg activity may contribute to inflammation in newborns that is often associated with chorioamnionitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of chorioamnionitis on regulatory T cells in moderate/late preterm neonates

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast, very little is known about a potential role of fetal Tregs in pregnancy disorders. Fetuses who are small for gestational age display alterations in their Treg compartments with lower percentages of Tregs and FoxP3−protein levels than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses suggesting a reciprocal relationship between fetal pathology and fetal Treg compartments 36. Expanding on this observation, Xiong et al 21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preeclampsia is Characterized by Fetal NK Cell Activation and a Reduction in Regulatory T Cells

Loewendorf

Nguyen

Yesayan

et al. 2015

American J Rep Immunol

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ProblemPreeclampsia affects 3–17% of pregnancies worldwide and has serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus. As maternal–fetal immune tolerance is bidirectional, fetal immunopathology may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pregnancy disorders. Nevertheless, the impact of preeclampsia on the fetal immune system is unclear.Method of studyIn this case–control study, we examined the phenotype of innate and adaptive immune cells from the cord blood of 3rd trimester babies born to healthy mothers and compared them to cord blood from 3rd trimester babies born to mothers with symptomatic preeclampsia.ResultsThe ratio of CD56hi CD16− non‐activated/regulatory NK cells to CD56lo CD16+ activated/effector NK cells as well as the proportion of CD4+ T cells was significantly decreased in the cord blood of babies born to preeclamptic mothers. The percentage of FoxP3+ Treg, especially the FoxP3lo populations (resting Treg and cytokine Treg), were significantly reduced. Importantly, this reduction in FoxP3+ Treg affected the ratio of CD8+ effector T cells per FoxP3+ Treg in the cord blood of babies born to preeclamptic mothers.ConclusionThese observations indicate that there are significant fetal immune system derangements during preeclampsia.

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“…Because small for gestational age is a multi-factorial condition, many circumstances could have contributed to this result 42 . Infants born small for gestational age have an altered cell-mediated immunological development 43, 44 , which may influence the intestinal immunity but separate from the altered immune state associated with prematurity. The association between small for gestational age and celiac disease did not change when we excluded children with Down syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Outcome and Risk of Celiac Disease in Offspring: A Nationwide Case-Control Study

Mårild¹,

et al. 2012

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Background & Aims Studies on pregnancy characteristics and mode of delivery and risk of later celiac disease in offspring are inconsistent. In recent decades rates of cesarean delivery and preterm birth survival have increased while at the same time the prevalence of celiac disease has doubled. Methods In this population-based case-control study we examine the risk of celiac disease in individuals exposed to cesarean delivery and adverse fetal events (i.e. low Apgar score, small for gestational age, low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal infections). Prospectively recorded pregnancy data were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1973 and 2008. Study participants consisted of 11,749 offspring with biopsy-verified celiac disease identified through histopathology reports from Sweden’s 28 pathology departments and 53,887 age- and sex-matched controls from the general population. Results We found a positive association between elective cesarean delivery and later celiac disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.15; 1.04-1.26; p = 0.005), but no increased risk of celiac disease following emergency (AOR = 1.02; 0.92-1.13; p = 0.749) or any cesarean delivery (AOR = 1.06; 0.99-1.13; p = 0.074). Infants born small for gestational age were at a 21% increased risk of celiac disease (95% CI = 1.09-1.35; p = 0.001), whereas other pregnancy exposures did not increase the risk of future celiac disease. Conclusions The positive association with elective, but not emergency, cesarean delivery is consistent with the hypothesis that the bacterial flora of the newborn plays a role in the development of celiac disease.

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Small for gestational age (SGA) neonates show reduced suppressive activity of their regulatory T cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of chorioamnionitis on regulatory T cells in moderate/late preterm neonates

Effect of chorioamnionitis on regulatory T cells in moderate/late preterm neonates

Preeclampsia is Characterized by Fetal NK Cell Activation and a Reduction in Regulatory T Cells

Pregnancy Outcome and Risk of Celiac Disease in Offspring: A Nationwide Case-Control Study

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