Small GTPases of the Rab and Arf Families: Key Regulators of Intracellular Trafficking in Neurodegeneration

Sastre, Alazne Arrazola; Montoro, Miriam Luque; Lacerda, Hadriano M.; Llavero, Francisco; Zugaza, José L.

doi:10.3390/ijms22094425

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(316 reference statements)

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“…The second subfamily of small GTPases, the ARF GTPases, is also involved in vesicle formation and trafficking. Both RABs and ARF GTPases recruit effector proteins that mediate membrane remodeling and vesiculation [18]. Arabidopsis contains 12 ARF GTPases with diverse trafficking functions, including endocytosis, endosomal recycling, and vacuolar trafficking [19].…”

Section: The Membrane Trafficking Machinery Of Plant Endosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant endosomes as protein sorting hubs

2022

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Endocytosis, secretion, and endosomal trafficking are key cellular processes that control the composition of the plasma membrane. Through the coordination of these trafficking pathways, cells can adjust the composition, localization, and turnover of proteins and lipids in response to developmental or environmental cues. Upon being incorporated into vesicles and internalized through endocytosis, plant plasma membrane proteins are delivered to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At the TGN, plasma membrane proteins are recycled back to the plasma membrane or transferred to multivesicular endosomes (MVEs), where they are further sorted into intralumenal vesicles for degradation in the vacuole. Both types of plant endosomes, TGN and MVEs, act as sorting organelles for multiple endocytic, recycling, and secretory pathways. Molecular assemblies such as retromer, ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, small GTPases, adaptor proteins, and SNAREs associate with specific domains of endosomal membranes to mediate different sorting and membrane-budding events. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the recognition and sorting of proteins at endosomes, membrane remodeling and budding, and their implications for cellular trafficking and physiological responses in plants.

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Section: The Membrane Trafficking Machinery Of Plant Endosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant endosomes as protein sorting hubs

2022

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“…Regarding their effector molecules, Rab GTPases can interact with coat, motor, tethering and SNARE proteins; Arf GTPases interact with coat proteins and adaptors. Among their other functions, members of both families control vesicle transport and membrane trafficking in the endocytic and exocytic systems and have been shown to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes [33,34].…”

Section: Sorting At the Early Endosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Revising Endosomal Trafficking under Insulin Receptor Activation

Iraburu

Garner

Montiel-Duarte

2021

IJMS

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The endocytosis of ligand-bound receptors and their eventual recycling to the plasma membrane (PM) are processes that have an influence on signalling activity and therefore on many cell functions, including migration and proliferation. Like other tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR), the insulin receptor (INSR) has been shown to be endocytosed by clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Once at the early endosome (EE), the sorting of the receptor, either to the late endosome (LE) for degradation or back to the PM through slow or fast recycling pathways, will determine the intensity and duration of insulin effects. Both the endocytic and the endosomic pathways are regulated by many proteins, the Arf and Rab families of small GTPases being some of the most relevant. Here, we argue for a specific role for the slow recycling route, whilst we review the main molecular mechanisms involved in INSR endocytosis, sorting and recycling, as well as their possible role in cell functions.

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“…Precisely, microtubule deacetylation causes locomotor deficits and disturbs MT-based axonal transport and neuronal connectivity [ 71 , 72 ]. Since the disruption of intracellular movement and exocytosis/endocytosis of synaptic vesicles have recently been demonstrated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases [ 73 ], the identification and the characterization of the mechanisms that regulate the process have also important clinical implications [ 74 ]. In a more recent study, it has been demonstrated that p27 controls transport along MT traces, governing the acetylation mechanism of alpha-tubulin.…”

Section: P27 a Platform Where Assembling Different Complexes And Cellular Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

p27Kip1, an Intrinsically Unstructured Protein with Scaffold Properties

Bencivenga

Stampone

Roberti

et al. 2021

Cells

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The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulator p27Kip1 is a gatekeeper of G1/S transition. It also regulates G2/M progression and cytokinesis completion, via CDK-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recently, other important p27Kip1 functions have been described, including the regulation of cell motility and migration, the control of cell differentiation program and the activation of apoptosis/autophagy. Several factors modulate p27Kip1 activities, including its level, cellular localization and post-translational modifications. As a matter of fact, the protein is phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, SUMOylated, O-linked N-acetylglicosylated and acetylated on different residues. p27Kip1 belongs to the family of the intrinsically unstructured proteins and thus it is endowed with a large flexibility and numerous interactors, only partially identified. In this review, we look at p27Kip1 properties and ascribe part of its heterogeneous functions to the ability to act as an anchor or scaffold capable to participate in the construction of different platforms for modulating cell response to extracellular signals and allowing adaptation to environmental changes.

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Small GTPases of the Rab and Arf Families: Key Regulators of Intracellular Trafficking in Neurodegeneration

Cited by 24 publications

References 164 publications

Plant endosomes as protein sorting hubs

Plant endosomes as protein sorting hubs

Revising Endosomal Trafficking under Insulin Receptor Activation

p27Kip1, an Intrinsically Unstructured Protein with Scaffold Properties

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