Small<i>Cruziana, rusophycus,</i>and related ichnotaxa from eastern Canada: The nomenclatural debate and systematic ichnology

Keighley, Dave; Pickerill, Ron K.

doi:10.1080/10420949609380136

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, C. problematica is widely reported and is considered the most stable ichnospecies (e.g., Mángano et al, 2002b). The specimens documented here are very similar to C. tenella described by Jensen (1997) from the Mickwitzia Sandstone, south-central Sweden and C. problematica described by Keighley and Pickerill (1996) from eastern Canada. The name C. problematica is preferred here over C. tenella for reasons of nomenclatural stability (Mángano et al, 2002b Description.-Horizontal, straight to slightly oblique, unbranched trails with trilobate upper surface consisting of two outer narrow lobes (each 1.7-2.6 mm wide) and one broad, flat central lobe (4.2-5.6 mm wide).…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologysupporting

confidence: 61%

Ichnostratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary: new insights on lower Cambrian biozonations from the Soltanieh Formation of northern Iran

2017

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Abstract.-Strata in the Central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, are interpreted to show continuous sedimentation from Ediacaran through Cambrian times. The Soltanieh Formation consists of five members: Lower Dolomite, Lower Shale, Middle Dolomite, Upper Shale and Upper Dolomite members. The clastic units (Lower and Upper Shale members) represent sedimentation in distal marine settings, ranging from the shelf to offshore, and contain abundant trace fossils of biostratigraphic utility. Four ichnozones have been recognized. Ichnozone 1, containing Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Helminthopsis tenuis, and Cochlichnus anguineus, is early Fortunian based on small shelly fossils, and is interpreted as a distal expression of the Treptichnus pedum zone. Ichnozone 2, comprising the first occurrence of T. pedum, is middle Fortunian, and is best regarded as the upper half of the Treptichnus pedum Zone. Ichnozone 3 is late Fortunian-Cambrian Age 2, characterized by a sudden change in abundance and complexity of trace fossils. Main elements in this ichnozone include Cruziana problematica, Curvolithus isp., Phycodes isp., Treptichnus pedum, Treptichnus pollardi, and Treptichnus isp. Ichnozone 4 is of Cambrian Age 2-Age 3 and marked by the first appearances of Psammichnites gigas, Rusophycus avalonensis, and Didymaulichnus miettensis. Integration of trace fossils with small shelly fossils suggests that the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary should be placed at the base of the Soltanieh Formation or within the Lower Dolomite Member. The delayed appearance of T. pedum and the low ichnodiversity in the Lower Shale and lower interval of the Upper Shale reflect limited colonization of settings below storm wave base during the early Fortunian.

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Section: Systematic Paleontologysupporting

confidence: 61%

Ichnostratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary: new insights on lower Cambrian biozonations from the Soltanieh Formation of northern Iran

2017

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“…They were later considered by Glaessner (1957) to be a junior synonym of the invertebrate ichnotaxon Isopodichnus, and were included as such in Häntzschel (1975). Species of Isopodichnus are now considered junior synonyms of either Cruziana or Rusophycus (Keighley and Pickerill 1996).…”

Section: Nanopus (?) Vetustus and Bipezia Bilobatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment of vertebrate ichnotaxa from the Upper Carboniferous ‘Fern Ledges’, Lancaster Formation, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

Stimson

Miller

Lucas

2016

atgeol

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Vertebrate ichnotaxa described by George Frederic Matthew in 1910 from the Upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian) 'Fern Ledges' of Saint John, New Brunswick, were dismissed as dubious trackways by previous authors. Thus, three new ichnospecies Matthew described appeared in the 1975 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology as "unrecognized or unrecognizable" and were mostly forgotten by vertebrate ichnologists. These traces include Hylopus (?) variabilis, Nanopus (?) vetustus and Bipezia bilobata. One ichnospecies, Hylopus (?) variabilis, here is retained as a valid tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon and reassigned to the ichnogenus Limnopus as a new combination, together with other poorly preserved specimens Matthew labeled, but never described. Nanopus (?) vetustus and Bipezia bilobata named by Matthew in the same paper, have been reexamined and remain as nomina dubia.

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“…The presence of discrete scratch marks and of uniformly shallow, narrow lobes is diagnostic of C. problematica (e.g. Keighley & Pickerill, 1996;Schlirf et al, 2001;Balistieri et al, 2002;Lermen, 2006). Cruziana is generally interpreted as produced by the locomotion activity (sometimes allied with feeding) of LIMA & NETTO -TRACE FOSSILS FROM THE TERESINA FORMATION arthropods, chiefly trilobites.…”

Section: Ichnogenusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only ichnoespecies not attributed to trilobites is C. problematica, which results from the displacement of isopod and notostracan crustaceans and, possibly, myriapods (e.g. Bromley & Asgaard, 1979;Pollard, 1985;Keighley & Pickerill, 1996;Schlirf et al, 2001). In Upper Paleozoic rocks, C. problematica has been recorded mainly in non-marine deposits (Bromley & Asgaard, 1979;Gradzinski & Uchman, 1994;Schlirf et al, 2001;Balistieri et al, 2002;Lermen, 2006 For the same reason, it was not possible to characterize the spreiten of the studied specimens as retrusive or protrusive, leaving doubt about the activity by which the producer had left this record.…”

Section: Ichnogenusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grazing, feeding, locomotion, and predation are the main ethologic behaviors represented by Cochlichnus (Eagar et al, 1985;Dam, 1990;Netto, 1992;Buatois & Mángano, 1993;Głuszek, 1995;Buatois et al, 1997;Sarkar et al, 2009), being recorded in marine, marginal-marine and continental subaquatic environments, including lacustrine (e.g. Buatois & Mángano, 1993, 1995Gibert et al, 2000;Netto et al, 2009;Uchman et al, 2009), deltaic (Eagar et al, 1985;Melchor et al, 2003) and fluvial deposits (see compilation by (Keighley & Pickerill, 1996). The presence of discrete scratch marks and of uniformly shallow, narrow lobes is diagnostic of C. problematica (e.g.…”

Section: Ichnogenusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace fossils from the Permian Teresina Formation at Cerro Caveiras (S Brazil)

Lima¹

2012

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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-The ichnofauna of the Teresina Formation from the Cerro Caveiras (Dom Pedrito, Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil) is revised in this paper. Bergaueria isp., Cochlichnus cf. anguineus, Cruziana problematica, cf. Diplocraterion isp., Diplopodichnus biformis, Helminthopsis isp., Lockeia siliquaria, Multina arcuata isp. nov., Oldhamia isp., Palaeophycus striatus, P. tubularis, Phymatoderma burkei, Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Teichichnus isp., and Thalassinoides isp. were recorded. Isopodichnus problematicus, Helminthopsis tenuis and Unarites isp., previously described in these deposits are now described as Cruziana problematica, indeterminate molluscan trail, and Multina arcuata isp. nov., respectively. The ichnofauna is composed chiefly of horizontal, simple shallow burrows, with a predominance of feeding structures. Resting, dwelling and crawling structures also occur, as well as indeterminate tiny grazing trails, but are less frequent. Ichnodiversity and intensity of bioturbation are usually low, and P. montanus is the commonest ichnotaxon. The main characteristics of the ichnofauna suggest a marine benthic fauna stressed by salinity fluctuations and resulting in an impoverished Cruziana ichnofacies. The absence of vertical burrows and the common occurrences of monospecific assemblages of Planolites indicate extreme stress events, probably due to the establishment of freshwater conditions. Further studies focused on the ichnological signatures of these deposits will provide more detailed information to improve the current paleoecologic and paleoenvironmental interpretations of the Teresina Formation deposits.

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SmallCruziana, rusophycus,and related ichnotaxa from eastern Canada: The nomenclatural debate and systematic ichnology

Cited by 68 publications

References 67 publications

Ichnostratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary: new insights on lower Cambrian biozonations from the Soltanieh Formation of northern Iran

Ichnostratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary: new insights on lower Cambrian biozonations from the Soltanieh Formation of northern Iran

Reassessment of vertebrate ichnotaxa from the Upper Carboniferous ‘Fern Ledges’, Lancaster Formation, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

Trace fossils from the Permian Teresina Formation at Cerro Caveiras (S Brazil)

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