Small mammal diversity of a poorly known and threatened Amazon region, the Tapajós Area of Endemism

Prado, Joyce Rodrigues do; Rocha, Rita Gomes; Bissoli-Silva, Heitor; Mendes‐Oliveira, Ana Cristina; Pontes, Regeane C. L.; Maués, Paula Cristina Rodrigues de Almeida; Costa, Leonora Pires

doi:10.1007/s10531-022-02450-5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Recent studies have described new species for the Tapajós region, corroborating its characterization as an endemic area, increasing the number of endemic species of different taxonomic groups for the region, including small non-flying mammals [ 39 – 42 ]. Some of these studies proposed the hypothesis that the Amazon rivers act as a geographic barrier, being the main factor that isolated the populations, influencing the differentiation of the species that occur in this area of endemism [ 41 – 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity analysis in the Brazilian Amazon reveals a new evolutionary lineage and new karyotype for the genus Mesomys (Rodentia, Echimyidae, Eumysopinae)

Dias de Oliveira,

Oliveira da Silva,

Rodrigues da Costa

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Morphological, molecular and chromosomal studies in the genera Lonchothrix and Mesomys have contributed to a better understanding of taxonomic design, phylogenetic relationships and karyotypic patterns. Recent molecular investigations have shown a yet undescribed diversity, suggesting that these taxa are even more diverse than previously assumed. Furthermore, some authors have questioned the limits of geographic distribution in the Amazon region for the species M. hispidus and M. stimulax. In this sense, the current study sought to understand the karyotypic evolution and geographic limits of the genus Mesomys, based on classical (G- and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic analysis (FISH using rDNA 18S and telomeric probes) and through the sequencing of mitochondrial genes Cytochrome b (Cytb) and Cytochrome Oxidase—Subunit I (CO using phylogeny, species delimitation and time of divergence, from samples of different locations in the Brazilian Amazon. The species M. stimulax and Mesomys sp. presented 2n = 60/FN = 110, while M. hispidus presented 2n = 60/FN = 112, hitherto unpublished. Molecular dating showed that Mesomys diversification occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene period, with M. occultus diverging at around 5.1 Ma, followed by Mesomys sp. (4.1 Ma) and, more recently, the separation between M. hispidus and M. stimulax (3.5 Ma). The ABGD and ASAP species delimiters support the formation of 7 and 8 potential species of the genus Mesomys, respectively. Furthermore, in both analyzes Mesomys sp. was recovered as a valid species. Our multidisciplinary approach involving karyotypic, molecular and biogeographic analysis is the first performed in Mesomys, with the description of a new karyotype for M. hispidus, a new independent lineage for the genus and new distribution data for M. hispidus and M. stimulax.

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