Small Mammals in Sweden as Hosts of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Vagrant Ectoparasites

Brinck, Per; Johnels, Alf G.; Lundholm, Bengt; Svedmyr, Arne; Zeipel, G. Von; Zetterberg, Bo

doi:10.2307/3564640

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Our finding that C. glareolus acquire resistance to its natural tick is in marked contrast to the common idea that adaptation in naturally evolved tick-host systems results in an absence of acquired resistance (Trager 1939, Ribeiro 1989. It should be emphasized that in our experiments rodents were exposed to numbers of tick larvae within the range of natural conditions in Western Europe (Brinck et al 1967, Nilsson 1988, Humair et al 1993. Our data support another recent study on acquired host resistance in another natural tick-host association, C. glareolus-I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Jlavicollis or A . sylvaticus, respectively, and the tick species I. ricinus or I. trianguliceps are probably long established (Brinck et al 1967, Randolph 1979, 1994, Humair et al 1993. Our finding that C. glareolus acquire resistance to its natural tick is in marked contrast to the common idea that adaptation in naturally evolved tick-host systems results in an absence of acquired resistance (Trager 1939, Ribeiro 1989.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clethrionomys glareolus, but not Apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to lxodes ricinus L, the main European vector of Borrelia burgdorferi

Dizij

Kurtenbach

1995

Parasite Immunology

130

102

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The European rodents Clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) and Apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked-mouse) are important hosts of the tick species Ixodes ricinus, the main European vector of Borrelia burgdorferi. We have addressed the question whether or not these tick hosts develop resistance to I. ricinus larvae. C. glareolus and A. flavicollis were exposed to 40 I. ricinus larvae for five consecutive times at two week intervals. Resistance was tested by the following parameters: percentage of ticks fully engorged, time of attachment, engorgement index, percentage of recovered ticks and proportion of larvae moulting to nymphs. Repeated infestation of C. glareolus resulted in progressive and significant reductions in the percentage of fully engorged ticks, the time of attachment of partially engorged ticks, the scutal index of partially engorged ticks and the moulting success. In contrast, repeatedly infested A. flavicollis did not acquire resistance to larval I. ricinus. Effects of resistance in C. glareolus could be partially disrupted by treatment with the immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CsA), indicating that T helper cells participate in the immune responses to tick bites. The data suggest that acquired immunity to I. ricinus larvae in C. glareolus is a density-dependent factor regulating natural tick burdens and that it may have an impact on the transmission cycle of B. burgdorferi in Central Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clethrionomys glareolus, but not Apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to lxodes ricinus L, the main European vector of Borrelia burgdorferi

Dizij

Kurtenbach

1995

Parasite Immunology

130

102

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“…The Scandinavian tick fauna and the geographical distribution of the different tick species have been investigated by several scientists. The Swedish tick fauna was studied by Schulze (1930), Arthur (1952), and Brinck et al (1965Brinck et al ( , 1967. During the 1970s the late Anders Nilsson carried out extensive ecological investigations on 7. ricinus (L.) and 7. trianguliceps Birula.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Jaenson¹,

Tälleklint²,

Lundqvist³

et al. 1994

Journal of Medical Entomology

180

199

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This review covers the geographic distribution and host relationships of the tick species in Sweden. Ixodes uriae White, I. caledonicus Nuttall, I. unicavatus Neumann, I. arboricola Schulze & Schlottke, and I. lividus Koch are ornithophagous species. I. trianguliceps Birula, I. canisuga Johnston, I. hexagonus Leach, and Argas vespertilionis (Latreille) are mammalophagous. I. ricinus (L.) and Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago feed on both birds and mammals. All these tick species may be considered to be permanently present in Sweden. I. persulcatus Schulze, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, and the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), may be regarded as not indigenous to Sweden although they may be regularly introduced by spring-migrating birds or imported dogs, respectively. The first European record of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), is reported. There are several records of Hyalomma aegyptium (L.) from imported tortoises in Sweden. Excluding other ticks imported on exotic pets and zoo animals, another 13 tick species are listed that may occur, at least occasionally, in Sweden. Because of its wide geographic distribution, great abundance, and wide host range, I. ricinus is medically the most important arthropod in northern Europe. I. ricinus is common in southern and south-central Sweden and along the coast of northern Sweden and has been recorded from 29 mammal species, 56 bird species, and two species of lizards in Sweden alone. The potential introduction to Sweden of exotic pathogens with infected ticks (e.g., I. persulcatus and H. marginatum on birds or Dermacentor spp. and R. sanguineus on mammals) is evident.

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“…The difference between estimates of both methods within species are much smaller than the differences between species (table 2). Therefore, we conclude that using a combination of methods did not strongly 13 (Brinck et al 1967,Burri et al 2014,Ferreri et al 2014,Hanincova et al 2003a,Hellgren et al 2011,Humair et al 1995,Humair et al 1999,Humair et al 1993a,Kiffner et al 2011,Matuschka et al 1994,Michalik et al 2003,Michalik et al 2005,Perez et al 2012,Raberg 2012,Radzijevskaja et al 2013,Schmidt et al 2014,Silaghi et al 2012a,Sinski et al 2006b,Welc-Falęciak et al 2008 Apodemus sylvaticus M 25 5.2/0.1/0 0.11/0.17 0.17 (Boyard et al 2008,Brinck et al 1967…”

Section: Infection Prevalence Of Host Species With B Burgdorferimentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Phylloscopus collybita B 7.5 0.3/0.1/0 -/-- (Kaiser et al 2002,Kipp et al 2006 (Dubska et al 2011,Dubska et al 2009,Kaiser et al 2002 Rattus rattus (Brinck et al 1967,Hellgren et al 2011,Humair et al 1993a Sorex minutus (Dubska et al 2009,Humair et al 1993b,Kipp et al 2006,Taragel'ova et al 2008 Tamias sibiricus M 95 32.3/5.1/0 0.28/-- (Marsot et al 2013,Vourc'h et al 2007 Troglodytes troglodytes B (Dubska et al 2011,Dubska et al 2009,Estrada-Pena et al 2005,Mannelli et al 2005,Michalik et al 2008,Taragel'ova et al 2008 Turdus philomelos B 74 2.8/2.6/0 -/0.71 0.51 (Dubska et al 2011,Dubska et al 2009…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. diversity in enzootic cycles

Swart-Coipan¹

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Chapter1 General introduction Chapter 2 Few vertebrate species dominate the Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. life cycle Chapter 3 Geodemographic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato using the 5S-23S rDNA spacer region Chapter 4 Contribution of rodent species to maintenance of tickborne pathogens in enzootic cycles Chapter 5 Spatiotemporal dynamics of emerging pathogens in questing Ixodes ricinus Chapter 6 Imbalanced presence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. multilocus sequence types in clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis

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Small Mammals in Sweden as Hosts of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Vagrant Ectoparasites

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Clethrionomys glareolus, but not Apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to lxodes ricinus L, the main European vector of Borrelia burgdorferi

Clethrionomys glareolus, but not Apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to lxodes ricinus L, the main European vector of Borrelia burgdorferi

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Maintenance of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. diversity in enzootic cycles

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