Small polaron hopping conduction mechanism and enhanced thermoelectric power factor in the perovskite LaCoO₃ ceramic

Abstract

Perovskites, among the various thermoelectric oxide materials, offer more flexibility to adjust the interdependent thermoelectric parameters for improved thermoelectric performance. In this work, we investigated the effect of A-site cation...

Effective charge separation in photoelectrochemical water splitting: a review from advanced evaluation methods to materials design

“…Small polarons are formed when electrons interact with the surrounding lattice, requiring thermal energy from lattice vibrations to move from one site to another. 77,78 This energy is known as the polaron hopping energy ( E h ), which can be derived using the following equation:…”