Due to the similarity between storage materials, there are errors and difficulties in controlling efficiency when positioning them. Therefore, a research on accurate positioning methods for intelligent storage materials based on RFID technology and machine vision is proposed. Machine vision technology was introduced, and the RealSenseD435 depth camera was used to identify the target box. The weighted average method was used to process the image, and the distribution of pixel gradient fields in the image was used as a feature parameter for the storage materials. In the positioning stage, RFID technology was introduced, using the extracted pixel gradient field of the warehouse material image as RFID tags. Based on the rigorous relationship between the phase and the distance from the warehouse material, the position of the target material was determined. In the test results, the positioning error of the design method for different types of materials remained stable within 0.15m, and the time cost remained stable within 10.0m.