Small RNA Profiling of piRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Identifies Consistent Overexpression of piR-24000 That Correlates Clinically with an Aggressive Disease Phenotype

Iyer, Deepak Narayanan; Wan, Timothy Ming‐Hun; Man, Johnny Hon-Wai; Sin, Ryan Wai-Yan; Li, Xue; Lo, Oswens Siu-Hung; Foo, Chi Chung; Pang, Roberta; Law, Wai‐Lun; Ng, Lui

doi:10.3390/cancers12010188

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown that the expression of piRNAs is frequently deregulated in different types of cancers including CRC [ 81 ]. Because of their small size, high stability, and ease of detection, piRNAs represent a strong diagnostic and predictive biomarker [ 82 ] with high potential as CRC screening tools.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Novel Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Ferrari

Neefs

Hoeck

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancer-related causes of death in the world. Since the 70s, many countries have adopted different CRC screening programs, which has resulted in a decrease in mortality. However, current screening test options still present downsides. The commercialized stool-based tests present high false-positive rates and low sensitivity, which negatively affects the detection of early stage carcinogenesis. The gold standard colonoscopy has low uptake due to its invasiveness and the perception of discomfort and embarrassment that the procedure may bring. In this review, we collected and described the latest data about alternative CRC screening techniques that can overcome these disadvantages. Web of Science and PubMed were employed as search engines for studies reporting on CRC screening tests and future perspectives. The searches generated 555 articles, of which 93 titles were selected. Finally, a total of 50 studies, describing 14 different CRC alternative tests, were included. Among the investigated techniques, the main feature that could have an impact on CRC screening perception and uptake was the ease of sample collection. Urine, exhaled breath, and blood-based tests promise to achieve good diagnostic performance (sensitivity of 63–100%, 90–95%, and 47–97%, respectively) while minimizing stress and discomfort for the patient.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Novel Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Ferrari

Neefs

Hoeck

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…In another study, the well-known piRNA piR-651 was found to be a potential marker for gastric cancer diagnosis [ 16 ]. In colorectal cancer, piR-24000 acts as a possible oncogene that can significantly distinguish patients with colorectal cancer from normal individuals [ 13 ]. Additionally, serum piR-54265, piR-020619, and piR-020450 were also found to serve as sensitive and specific noninvasive biomarkers for early colorectal cancer detection in previous studies [ 104 , 107 ].…”

Section: Pirnas As Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

et al. 2021

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Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24–31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2′-O-methyl modification at the 3′-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and accelerating multiprotein interactions. piRNAs are emerging players in the malignant transformation of normal cells and participate in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Most of the specific cancer hallmarks regulated by piRNAs are involved in sustaining proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death or apoptosis, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Additionally, piRNAs have been used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and have great potential for clinical utility. However, research on the underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer is limited. Here, we systematically reviewed recent advances in the biogenesis and biological functions of piRNAs and relevant bioinformatics databases with the aim of providing insights into cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. We also focused on some cancer hallmarks rarely reported to be related to piRNAs, which can promote in-depth research of piRNAs in molecular biology and facilitate their clinical translation into cancer treatment.

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“…Moreover, piR-24000 overexpression had a positive but not significant association with advanced nodal metastasis and with advanced tumor invasion. These data suggest that piR-24000 may constitute an oncogene in CRC that could act as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker or as a therapeutic target in this malignancy [ 70 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Pirnas In Gastrointestinal (Gi) Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Updated Perspective

Riquelme

Pérez-Moreno

Letelier

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers produce ~3.4 million related deaths worldwide, comprising 35% of all cancer-related deaths. The high mortality among GI cancers is due to late diagnosis, the presence of metastasis and drug resistance development. Additionally, current clinical markers do not adequately guide patient management, thereby new and more reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still needed for these diseases. RNA-seq technology has allowed the discovery of new types of RNA transcripts including PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have particular characteristics that enable these molecules to act via diverse molecular mechanisms for regulating gene expression. Cumulative evidence has described the potential role of piRNAs in the development of several tumor types as a likely explanation for certain genomic abnormalities and signaling pathways’ deregulations observed in cancer. In addition, these piRNAs might be also proposed as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in malignancies. This review describes important topics about piRNAs including their molecular characteristics, biosynthesis processes, gene expression silencing mechanisms, and the manner in which these transcripts have been studied in samples and cell lines of GI cancers to elucidate their implications in these diseases. Moreover, this article discusses the potential clinical usefulness of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI cancers.

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Small RNA Profiling of piRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Identifies Consistent Overexpression of piR-24000 That Correlates Clinically with an Aggressive Disease Phenotype

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Towards Novel Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Towards Novel Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods: A Comprehensive Review

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

The Emerging Role of PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Updated Perspective

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