Small RNAs in early mammalian development: from gametes to gastrulation

Suh, Nayoung; Blelloch, Robert

doi:10.1242/dev.056234

Cited by 152 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Our findings suggest that endo-siRNAs and/or tRNA-derived sRNAs might be the main sRNA regulators in early evolution of eukaryotes or if canonical miRNA does not exist. This scenario is reminiscent of tRNA-derived sRNAs and/ or endo-siRNAs/Piwi-interacting RNAs, which might be the main regulators in germ cell and very early developmental stages, but miRNAs do not function in these stages (35)(36)(37). Therefore, to better understand the functions of siRNAs and miRNAs in the differentiation regulation of protozoan and metazoan, respectively, we will need additional insight into the evolution of these cell differentiation regulators.…”

Section: Sgr-andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia

Liao

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs and endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs), regulate most important biologic processes in eukaryotes, such as cell division and differentiation. Although sRNAs have been extensively studied in various eukaryotes, the role of sRNAs in the early emergence of eukaryotes is unclear. To address these questions, we deep sequenced the sRNA transcriptome of four different stages in the differentiation of Giardia lamblia, one of the most primitive eukaryotes. We identified a large number of endosiRNAs in this fascinating parasitic protozoan and found that they were produced from live telomeric retrotransposons and three genomic regions (i.e., endo-siRNA generating regions [eSGRs]). eSGRderived endo-siRNAs were proven to target mRNAs in trans. Gradual up-regulation of endo-siRNAs in the differentiation of Giardia suggested that they might be involved in the regulation of this process. This hypothesis was supported by the impairment of the differentiation ability of Giardia when GLDICER, essential for the biogenesis of endo-siRNAs, was knocked down. Endo-siRNAs are not the only sRNA regulators in Giardia differentiation, because a great number of tRNAs-derived sRNAs showed more dramatic expression changes than endo-siRNAs in this process. We totally identified five novel kinds of tRNAs-derived sRNAs and found that the biogenesis in four of them might be correlated with that of stress-induced tRNA-derived RNA (sitRNA), which was discovered in our previous studies. Our studies reveal an unexpected complex panorama of sRNA in G. lamblia and shed light on the origin and functional evolution of eukaryotic sRNAs.ncRNA sRNA-generating region | development | RNA regulation | single-cell parasite

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Section: Sgr-andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia

Liao

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A key component of the RNAi machinery is the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), 2 which, in its minimal form, is composed of an Argonaute protein and a small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) of ϳ22-30 nucleotides in length. The biogenesis of RISC and its activities have been extensively reviewed elsewhere (2,3); simply stated, using its small ncRNA component as a guide sequence, an RNA-loaded RISC targets a complementary mRNA and elicits gene silencing via RNA degradation or a reduction in mRNA translation (4 -6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). miRNA and siRNA biogenesis has been well described (2,3), whereas piRNA biogenesis is less well understood and in part involves the processing of single-stranded RNAs by yet identified ribonuclease(s) (9). Once assembled, piRISCs are thought to act primarily to silence cellular mobile genetic elements (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs and HIV-1: Complex Interactions

Klase

Houzet

Jeang

2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The relationship between miRNAs and piRNAs in the early stages of development is summarized in a review article. 23 A recent study showed that miRNAs play roles in the biogenesis and stability of Drosophila piRNAs. 24 In mammals, it remains unclear how piRNAs are generated, although it is certain that the biogenesis pathway of piRNAs is distinct from that of miRNAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal regulation of miRNAs and piRNAs in embryonic development

Yang

Xuan

et al. 2016

Cell Death Differ

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are two classes of small noncoding RNAs, both of which play roles in regulating tissue development. It is unknown whether these distinct classes of noncoding RNAs can regulate one another. Here we show that ectopic expression of miR-17 inhibited mouse fertility and early embryonic development. Specifically, we found that the piRNA amplification loop was repressed by miR-17-5p, leading to increased levels of transposition mutagenesis. This occurred by suppressing the amplification loop of piRNAs with an identical 5′ sequence and by targeting Mili/Miwi2, an essential component of the piRNA amplification loop, and the DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3a. We also found that increased levels of piRNAs could compete with miRNAs for target binding, resulting in increased expression of Dnmt3a and Mili. Increased Dnmt3a levels could in turn block miR-17-5p expression, while increased Mili expression could accelerate piRNA amplification and inhibit transposon generation, favoring embryonic development. We report for the first time the reciprocal regulation between miRNAs and piRNAs in mouse embryonic development. Cell Death and Differentiation (2016) 23, 1458-1470 doi:10.1038/cdd.2016; published online 18 March 2016A microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule of 18-24 nucleotides in length that are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. A miRNA has the capacity to affect the stability of hundreds of unique mRNAs 1 and may repress synthesis of hundreds of proteins by base-pairing with the targeting mRNAs. 2 The discovery of miRNAs in gene regulation has improved our understanding of posttranscriptional control of tissue development and aging. 3-5 A polycistronic miRNA cluster, miR-17~92, consisting of six mature miRNAs , and miR-92a-1), has been reported to play a fundamental role in development and remodeling. [6][7][8][9] Furthermore, members of miR-17-92 cluster are found to be commonly down-regulated in aging human cells. 10 We have found that ectopic expression of miR-17 retards tissue growth 11 and inhibits cell senescence. 12 Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small non-coding RNAs expressed by animal cells. 13 piRNAs form complexes with piwi proteins, which function posttranscriptionally in silencing retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ-line cells. 14 piRNA activity in gene regulation may lead to silencing of transposon expression, 15 as most piRNA sequences are antisense to transposon sequences. 16 The activity of piRNAs in transposon silencing appears to be the most important event during embryonic development. 17 To facilitate silencing transposons in the testes of mammals or in the germ cells of invertebrates, the piwi proteins play essential roles in interacting with piRNAs.These piwi proteins are members of Argonautes, proteins that are needed for gene silencing in miRNA action, including MIWI, MIWI2 and MILI. The sequences of piRNAs guide the piwi proteins to their transposon targets. 17 Decreased expressio...

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Small RNAs in early mammalian development: from gametes to gastrulation

Cited by 152 publications

References 121 publications

Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia

Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia

MicroRNAs and HIV-1: Complex Interactions

Reciprocal regulation of miRNAs and piRNAs in embryonic development

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