Small round structured viruses: airborne transmission and hospital control

Eo, Caul

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92146-6

Cited by 181 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Airborne transmission may rep resent a significant risk, not only in hotel and restaurant situations, but also in hospital wards and nursing homes. Appropriate infection control measures to deal with airborne transmission of virus particles [8] must be considered in these situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

et al. 2000

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SUMMARYAn outbreak of gastroenteritis followed a meal in a large hotel during which one of the diners vomited. The clinical features of the illness suggested Norwalk-like virus (NLV, small round structured virus) infection, and this was confirmed by electron microscopy and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of stool samples. Further characterization of the virus by nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons revealed identical strains in all the affected individuals. The foods served at the meal could not be demonstrated to be the cause of the outbreak. Analysis of attack rates by dining table showed an inverse relationship with the distance from the person who vomited. No one eating in a separate restaurant reported illness. Transmission from person-to-person or direct contamination of food seems unlikely in this outbreak. However, the findings are consistent with airborne spread of NLV with infection by inhalation with subsequent ingestion of virus particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been estimated that over 30 million virus particles can be liberated during vomiting, compared to an infectious dose of 10-100 particles [8]. Transmission from vomitus has been described in an outbreak in a hotel after a kitchen assistant vomited into a sink which was later used to prepare potato salad [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

et al. 2000

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“…2,7 We were unable to confirm a dose-response relationship for oysters but the consumption of as little as one oyster was associated with illness. The reasons for this may include the small estimated infective dose (1-100 viral particles) 26 required to cause NLV gastroenteritis, pre-existing immunity, coupled with an absence of symptoms in approximately one-third of those infected. 27 To investigate the associations between various exposures during the implicated meals, the case definition excluded those symptomatic within 10 hours from the commencement of the meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw oyster consumption and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in New Zealand: evidence for risk to the public's health

Simmons

Greening

Gao

et al. 2001

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…This is a common cause of hospital outbreaks of gastro-enteritis. 18,19 However, none of the other patients had a similar isolate. The same patient later excreted adenovirus as well.…”

Section: Disseminated Echovirus and Othermentioning

confidence: 94%

Isolation of viruses from stools in stem cell transplant recipients: a prospective surveillance study

Chakrabarti

Collingham

Stevens

et al. 2000

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Summary:We prospectively examined stool specimens for enteric viruses in 75 stem cell transplant recipients (autologous 48, allogeneic 27) to determine the frequency and significance of these infections. Only six patients (8%) had a positive isolate. Five of these were allograft recipients (18%) compared to one autograft recipient (2%) (P = 0.02). Unrelated donor BMT recipients were at the highest risk for a viral isolate (OR = 10.5). Adenovirus was the commonest isolate (four patients). One patient each had an echovirus, enterovirus and small round structured virus identified. No correlation was found between the severity of gastro-intestinal symptoms and detection of a viral pathogen. There was no correlation with GVHD or CMV status. The only risk factor identified for isolation of an enterovirus was allogeneic BMT from an unrelated donor. There was a negative correlation with PBSC grafts. All the patients infected with an enteric virus had concomitant infection with other pathogens, compared to only 18% of uninfected patients (P = 0.001). The non-relapse mortality of the infected patients was 50% and only 7% in the uninfected patients (P = 0.01, OR = 12.5), although the isolated virus was the direct cause of death in one patient only. This study indicates a low rate of enteric virus isolation in recipients of PBSC grafts, both autologous and allogeneic. However, unrelated donor BMT is associated with a higher risk of enteric virus infection and an adverse outcome. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 277-282.

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Small round structured viruses: airborne transmission and hospital control

Cited by 181 publications

References 5 publications

Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

Raw oyster consumption and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in New Zealand: evidence for risk to the public's health

Isolation of viruses from stools in stem cell transplant recipients: a prospective surveillance study

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