Small ruminant resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: a case of Haemonchus contortus

Saddiqi, H.A.; Jabbar, Abdul; Sarwar, M.; Iqbal, Zafar; Muhammad, Ghulam; Nisa, M.; Shahzad, Aasif

doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…The host immune system can regulate nematode female length. There is a significant association between increased IgA activity against larvae and reduced Hc female length (Strain & Stear, 2001;Saddiqi et al, 2011). Moreover, host breed (Aumont et al, 2003), host gender (Gruner et al, 2004), diet (Hoste et al, 2008) and concurrent parasitic infection (Reinecke et al, 1982;Terefe et al, 2005) can affect nematode length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphological and molecular identification of Haemonchus species in sheep

et al. 2014

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A combined approach in the determination of Haemonchus nematodes from sheep was applied in this trial. Using selected morphological characters 90.2 % females and 84.2 % males of Haemonchus contortus and 9.8 % females and 15.8 % males of Haemonchus placei were identified. Although cluster analysis based on morphological identification clearly separated two Haemonchus species, H. contortus was exclusively detected in all specimens using restriction cleavage of the ITS-2 region with FspBI endonuclease as well as through the sequencing analysis. Because sheep from both farms have never had contact with other ruminants, and the farmers apply only closed flock turnover, we assume that only H. contortus mono-infection occurred on both farms. This opinion is also supported by molecular data. The most striking result of our study was the finding which indicates that the discriminant function is not able to accurately identify Haemonchus males at the species level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphological and molecular identification of Haemonchus species in sheep

et al. 2014

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“…The PPR is considered a risk factor for pasture contamination and kids are often exposed to this infection (Saddiqi et al, 2011). The PPR has been well recorded in sheep (Armour 1980;Gibbs 1986;Barger 1993) and goats (Rahman and Collins 1992;Dorny et al, 1995;Baker et al, 1998;Chartier et al, 1998;Mandonnet et al, 2005).…”

Section: Host Reproductive Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sheep, it has been reported that younger animals are usually more infected by GINs than adults Saddiqi et al, 2011). Lambs have been reported to be better able to resist GIN challenge after puberty (Saddiqi et al, 2011) andSchallig (2000) reported that lambs under six months of age were more susceptible to infection than older sheep.…”

Section: Age Of Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lambs have been reported to be better able to resist GIN challenge after puberty (Saddiqi et al, 2011) andSchallig (2000) reported that lambs under six months of age were more susceptible to infection than older sheep. However, studies in goats indicated that adult goats were infected by GINs worse than younger goats (Richard et al, 1990).…”

Section: Age Of Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable variability in resistance between and within breeds, and it is controlled through the genetics of animals (Saddiqi et al, 2011). In sheep, some breeds such as the Florida Native, St. Croix, Red Maasai, and Gulf Coast Native are considered to be resistant to GINs (Saddiqi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Breed Of Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on the resistance and the resilience of Boer goats against artificial Haemonchus contortus infection under confined conditions

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The effects of protein and/ or energy supplementation have been well studied in sheep. However, the few pen studies conducted with goats have failed to identify the role of protein supplementation and combinations with energy supplements against H. contortus infection.The general objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on resistance and resilience of Boer goats to infection from Haemonchus contortus. To achieve this the first experiment was designed to determine the appropriate amount of additional dietary protein (by having three groups of mature goats effectively fed three different levels of dietary protein) required by nematode free animals given a single relatively high dose of infective H. contortus larvae, to not become infected or at least develop resistance and/or resilience. It was assumed, based on the scientific literature, that a single relatively high dose of infective larvae would elicit strong pathogenic effects where additional dietary protein would give some assistance to the does with their defense to Haemonchus. As often is the case with research on goats the results were not unequivocally clear.Based on these results it was clear that a single dose of infective larvae was insufficient to become established and that these animals had already developed some level of immune response and thus it was assumed, again based on the scientific literature, to elicit strong pathogenic effects the animals tested needed to be younger (more naïve to Haemonchus) and with greater i.e. continued exposure to infective larvae as would happen under grazing conditions (trickle infection) such that different quantities of dietary protein would give these animals different responses to infection by Haemonchus. Again the responses by the goats only indicated subtle differences in immune responses against trickle H. contortus L3 infection. These results, again unexpected, indicated that level of intake (or more specifically plane of nutrition, prior to or during exposure) may be at least as important as protein supplementation in reasonably well fed animals; and or that the method of infection (oral drenching with L3 larvae) was possibly an unreliable method of infection requiring a more consistent method of infection. As such the third experiment involved nematode free mature animals (the only animals available at that time) fed on very different planes of nutrition preceding and during the experiment given relatively high trickle doses of H. contortus larvae via intra-ruminal infection.Overlaid across these experiments were constraints imposed on the amount of infective L3 larvae used to achieve infection; 100 L3 larvae per kg live-weight as a single dose was the maximum initially approved by the University Animal Ethics committee, as they had concerns about animals dying, they also stipulated the use of oral drenching for infective larvae. It was only after these methods failed ii to elicit a strong response was approval given by the Univers...

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Developments in the Design of Anti-helminth Vaccines

Loukas

Giacomin

2016

The Th2 Type Immune Response in Health and Disease

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Small ruminant resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: a case of Haemonchus contortus

Cited by 46 publications

References 182 publications

Comparative morphological and molecular identification of Haemonchus species in sheep

Comparative morphological and molecular identification of Haemonchus species in sheep

Effects of dietary protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on the resistance and the resilience of Boer goats against artificial Haemonchus contortus infection under confined conditions

Developments in the Design of Anti-helminth Vaccines

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