Small-scale event sport tourism: fans as tourists

Gibson, Heather; Willming, Cynthia; Holdnak, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(02)00058-4

Cited by 243 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Yet, the realization of their negative impacts (Gibson, 2007;Hall & Hodges, 1996;Ritchie, 1999) coupled with evidence of the socio-economic value of small-scale regional events (Gibson, Willming, & Holdnak, 2003;Higham, 1999;Higham & Hinch, 2002;Moscardo, 2008;O'Brien, 2007) call for another approach. In response, authors suggest that event outcomes can be optimized if host communities develop a portfolio of events including events of different type and scale that can reach a wide range of target audiences and serve an array of purposes (Chalip, 2004(Chalip, , 2005Getz, 2005Getz, , 2008Schreiber & Lenson, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidimensional Investigation of a Regional Event Portfolio: Advancing Theory and Praxis

Ziakas¹

2013

Event Management

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Event portfolios have remained a neglected area of study as the different event types have been studied predominantly as single events, separately from each other and with a focus on large-scale events. In addressing this omission this study investigates a regional event portfolio in Fort Stockton, Texas by employing qualitative methods, including participant observation in a sample of six events, seven semi-structured interviews with event organizers and analysis of events' archival documents. A dramatological perspective viewing events as dramatic stories that express versions of a community's social order was the conceptual framework that guided the analysis of events to examine their innate interrelationships. Results show that the event portfolio amalgamates sport and cultural performances and creates a symbolic social context, hence allowing the expression of different aspects of community life. The paper discusses how the interrelationships among different events engender and maintain complementarities that facilitate event implementations. It is concluded that events are interrelated both conceptually and functionally. Thematic continuities among events in the portfolio reconfirm the metaphoric messages, with each event reinforcing the claims of the others. Events are functionally interrelated by sharing common resources and elements, generating complementary markets and transferring practical know-how. This helps mobilize community resources and facilitates the synchronized use of events for achieving multiple purposes. Based on the theoretical and practical implications of the study, a multi-dimensional model is proposed that integrates the contextual, operational and socio-cultural dimensions of event portfolios and can guide further investigation in the management and policy research of event portfolios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidimensional Investigation of a Regional Event Portfolio: Advancing Theory and Praxis

Ziakas¹

2013

Event Management

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“…Interestingly, previous research regarding small-scale sport events has focused on the economic impact of regular intercollegiate and local club sport events within a given region (Daniels & Norman, 2003;Gibson, Wilming, & Holdnak, 2003;Wilson, 2006). While insightful, these studies demonstrate an economic as opposed to social perspective pervades small-scale event research.…”

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confidence: 98%

Exploring sense of community among small-scale sport event volunteers

Kerwin

Warner

Walker

et al. 2015

European Sport Management Quarterly

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In response to claims that sport event research over emphasizes economic outcomes and mega-event contexts, this research sought to both assess a scale that measures sense of community among small-scale sport event volunteers, and empirically test if the event volunteer experience enhances sense of community. The six-factor Sense of Community in Sport Scale (SCS) was utilized to collect pre-and post-event data from a population of 253 (N=253)

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“…Sporting event participants can be classified as passive (e.g., spectators) and active (e.g., athletes) participants [19,20]. Passive sporting event participants can be defined as those who travel to attend an event, but are not the athletes directly participating in the sport or activity at the event [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive sporting event participants can be defined as those who travel to attend an event, but are not the athletes directly participating in the sport or activity at the event [20]. The current study excludes public officials, teams, medical, and support staff [15,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Spectators’ Transportation in Collegiate Sporting Events: Comparing On-Campus and Off-Campus Stadium Locations

2018

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions related to spectator's transportation to collegiate football events is a significant consideration in the overall carbon footprint of collegiate sporting events. Transportation mode affects CO 2 emissions per spectator and stadium location, specifically on-and off-campus locations affect the transportation mode chosen by spectators. The quantity of CO 2 emissions generated from spectators' transportation to collegiate sporting events at an on-campus university stadium is compared to off-campus stadium. The transportation modes and miles traveled by spectators were modeled with GREET 2016 to estimate CO 2 emissions. Significant differences were found between the two stadium locations regarding the spectators' choice of transportation mode and distance traveled. Implications are presented for environmental sustainability and planning.

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Small-scale event sport tourism: fans as tourists

Cited by 243 publications

References 24 publications

A Multidimensional Investigation of a Regional Event Portfolio: Advancing Theory and Praxis

A Multidimensional Investigation of a Regional Event Portfolio: Advancing Theory and Praxis

Exploring sense of community among small-scale sport event volunteers

Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Spectators’ Transportation in Collegiate Sporting Events: Comparing On-Campus and Off-Campus Stadium Locations

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