Small-Scale Farmers' Perceptions and Knowledge of Tree Intercropping Systems in the Khorezm Region of Uzbekistan

Kan, Elio Masferrer; Lamers, John P. A.; Eshchanov, R.; Khamzina, Asia

doi:10.1080/14728028.2008.9752643

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Presently, few farmers in Khorezm are aware of the nutritional quality of tree leaves and their potential use as feed for dairy cattle (Djanibekov, 2008; Kan et al., 2008), although M. alba leaves are used as forage for silkworms at sericultural farms. Extension services could help demonstrate the value of trees in unproductive cropland areas to gain the appreciation of land users (Lamers et al., 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Seasonal quality profile and production of foliage from trees grown on degraded cropland in arid Uzbekistan, Central Asia

Lamers¹,

Khamzina²

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Feed shortages hamper livestock rearing and thus impede the development of rural livelihoods in Central Asia. The production and in vitro quality of foliage from Ulmus pumila, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Populus euphratica on degraded cropland were examined to determine the potential of these species to supplement diary cattle diets. Leaf dry matter (DM) production of the species, respectively, averaged 6, 8 and 17 t DM/ha, 4 years after planting. Over seasons and years, crude protein concentrations (g/kg DM) ranged within 151-257 for E. angustifolia, 70-241 for U. pumila and 92-187 for P. euphratica. The metabolizable energy concentrations (MJ/kg DM) were the highest in U. pumila and ranged within 9-10, followed by 7-10 of E. angustifolia and 7-9 of P. euphratica. The organic matter digestibility (%) ranged within 58-70, 54-66, and 51-66, respectively, for these species. These indicators combined denoted a medium-to-good feed quality of E. angustifolia and U. pumila leaves as a cheap protein supplement to roughages. The foliage of P. euphratica was the least suitable. The seasonal profile of in vitro indicators revealed the highest feed quality in spring but early fall seems most appropriate for forage collection given the peak leaf production and an adequate quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Seasonal quality profile and production of foliage from trees grown on degraded cropland in arid Uzbekistan, Central Asia

Lamers¹,

Khamzina²

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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“…In particular, the legal support for setting aside marginal cropland parcels for small-scale forestation could lay the foundation for introducing this land use practice. Locally, land tax and income tax exemptions for the initial years of tree plantation establishment are provided as incentives but only for horticultural trees that are not viable on marginal lands (Kan et al, 2008). As shown by the experience of the 28 existing CDM A/R projects (registered until August 2011), local support is needed to cover initial investments and attract farmers to implement a land-use change.…”

Section: Local Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How attractive are short-term CDM forestations in arid regions? The case of irrigated croplands in Uzbekistan

Djanibekov

Khamzina

Djanibekov

et al. 2012

Forest Policy and Economics

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This study analyzed the financial attractiveness of Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation and Reforestation (CDM A/R) in irrigated agricultural settings. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of CDM A/R were estimated by analyzing the case of Khorezm region in Uzbekistan, where a mixedspecies tree plantation was established on marginal cropland. The dual purposes of carbon sequestration and production of fruits, leaves as fodder, and fuelwood were studied over a seven-year rotation period. We compared the opportunity costs of land in marginal agricultural areas between this short-rotation plantation forestry and the annual cultivation of the major crops in the region, i.e., cotton, winter wheat, rice, and maize. The analyses were performed considering different levels of irrigation water availability, from 0 to 30,000 m 3 /ha, to reflect the reality of a high variability of water supply in the region. The NPV of CDM A/R ranged between 724 and 5794 USD/ha over seven years, depending on the tree species. Among the latter, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. had the highest profits due to the annually recurring cash flows generated from fruit production. Temporary Certified Emission Reductions (tCER) ranged within 399-702 USD/ha after the assumed 7-year crediting period and would not suffice to cover initial investments and management costs of tree plantations. IRR peaked at 65% with E. angustifolia under the conventional afforestation and measured −10% and 61% when considering only the tCER and the CDM A/R, respectively. In contrast, other species had higher IRRs in case of the CDM A/R. The total profits from tree plantations exceeded those of both cotton and winter wheat, even with the assumption that there was an optimal irrigation supply for these crops. Rice production was overall the most profitable land use option but required water input of 26,500 m 3 /ha/year, which is not consistently available for marginal croplands. We argue that the current global average price of 4.76 USD/tCER is insufficient to initiate forestrybased CDM projects but, in the absence of other incentives, can still motivate forestation of degraded croplands for land rehabilitation and the provisioning of non-timber products. Given the low irrigation needs of trees, 3-30% of the crop water demand, a conversion of degraded cropland to forested areas could save up to 15,300 m 3 /ha/year at the current tCER price. Combining the monetary value of water and carbon would enlarge the scope for CDM A/R in irrigated drylands, thus enhancing the investments in marginal land rehabilitation and strengthening the resilience of rural populations to the repercussions of climate change.

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“…Earlier studies showed that E. angustifolia was capable of effective N 2 -fixation in saline soil conditions, thus significantly increasing soil N stocks (Khamzina et al, 2009). Leaves of several species were assessed suitable as fodder for dairy livestock (Lamers and Khamzina, 2010), whereas leaves of Morus alba are traditionally used as silkworm feed (Kan et al, 2008). Additional tree products include wicker from S. nigra, and firewood, which could be harvested from all species but has the highest potential in species that tolerate frequent pruning and re-sprout readily .…”

Section: Tree Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Survival and Growth of Six Afforestation Species on Abandoned Cropping Sites in Irrigated Drylands of the Aral Sea Basin

Schachtsiek

Lamers

Khamzina

2014

Arid Land Research and Management

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Small-Scale Farmers' Perceptions and Knowledge of Tree Intercropping Systems in the Khorezm Region of Uzbekistan

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Seasonal quality profile and production of foliage from trees grown on degraded cropland in arid Uzbekistan, Central Asia

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Seasonal quality profile and production of foliage from trees grown on degraded cropland in arid Uzbekistan, Central Asia

How attractive are short-term CDM forestations in arid regions? The case of irrigated croplands in Uzbekistan

Early Survival and Growth of Six Afforestation Species on Abandoned Cropping Sites in Irrigated Drylands of the Aral Sea Basin

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