Small-Scale High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Vessels: A Review

Abstract

Nowadays, high-pressure hydrogen storage is the most commercially used technology owing to its high hydrogen purity, rapid charging/discharging of hydrogen, and low-cost manufacturing. Despite numerous reviews on hydrogen storage technologies, there is a relative scarcity of comprehensive examinations specifically focused on high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and its associated materials. This article systematically presents the manufacturing processes and materials used for a variety of high-pressure hydrogen storage containers, including metal cylinders, carbon fiber composite cylinders, and emerging glass material-based hydrogen storage containers. Furthermore, it introduces the relevant principles and theoretical studies, showcasing their advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional high-pressure hydrogen storage containers. Finally, this article provides an outlook on the future development of high-pressure hydrogen storage containers.

Research Progress and Application Prospects of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Technology

“…Gaseous hydrogen storage is convenient to operate and has a fast filling speed (3-5 min), with good compatibility with existing gas station processes. However, its disadvantages are also obvious: first, the energy density is low, only 40 kg/m 3 at 70 MPa, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements for a long cruising range; second, there are certain risks regarding leakage and explosion, which place high demands on container materials and valve seals; third, the energy consumption is high, and the filling power consumption of 70 MPa hydrogen storage cylinders is as high as 3-4 kWh/kg [23][24][25]. Therefore, how to further improve the hydrogen storage density while ensuring safety is the key to gaseous hydrogen storage.…”