Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen

Donald, Flora; Green, Sarah; Searle, Kate R.; Cunniffe, Nik J.; Purse, Bethan V.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118324

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The distance to streams was also found to be a key variable for evaluating Austrocedrus disease risk [35,36], in keeping with studies on forests affected by Phytophthora species around the world, which found that Phytophthora spreads along watercourses [38]. Studies on P. austrocedri outside Patagonia, affecting Juniperus communis woodlands in the UK, found that P. austrocedri DNA was consistently detected in soil samples [40] and that the affected area increased with waterlogging and soil moisture [17]. It was concluded that, once established at a site, P. austrocedri can be spread readily in soil locally via water run-off, and vectored by animal movements and human activities [40].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…We agree with this concept: forest diseases are the results of complex interactions between the pathogen, the host, and environmental conditions. Phytophthora's aggressiveness and development are highly related to site condition and individual host susceptibility [15][16][17]. In our opinion, the disease called "Mal del Ciprés" is actually a complex of symptoms of different origins, which includes those caused by P. austrocedri, C. cupressi, and climate-related stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytophthora austrocedri in Argentina and Co-Inhabiting Phytophthoras: Roles of Anthropogenic and Abiotic Factors in Species Distribution and Diversity

Vélez

Manna

Tarabini

et al. 2020

Forests

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This work reports the first survey of Phytophthora diversity in the forests soils of Andean Patagonia. It also discusses the role of anthropogenic impact on Phytophthora distribution inferred from the findings on Phytophthora diversity and on the distribution of Phytophthora austrocedri-diseased forests. Invasive pathogen species threatening ecosystems and human activities contribute to their entry and spread. Information on pathogens already established, and early detection of potential invasive ones, are crucial to disease management and prevention. Phytophthora austrocedri causes the most damaging forest disease in Patagonia, affecting the endemic species Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Sern. and Bizzarri. However, the relationship between anthropogenic impacts and the disease distribution has not been analyzed enough. The aims of this work were: to evaluate Phytophthora diversity in soils of Andean Patagonia using a metabarcoding method, and analyze this information in relation to soil type and land use; to assess the distribution of Austrocedrus disease over time in relation to anthropogenic and abiotic gradients in an area of interest; and to discuss the role of human activities in Phytophthora spread. High throughput Illumina sequencing was used to detect Phytophthora DNA in soil samples. The distribution of Austrocedrus disease over time was assessed by satellite imagery interpretation. Twenty-three Phytophthora species, 12 of which were new records for Argentina, were detected. The most abundant species was P. austrocedri, followed by P. × cambivora, P. ramorum and P. kernoviae. The most frequent was P. × cambivora, followed by P. austrocedri and P. ramorum. Phytophthora richness and abundance, and Austrocedrus disease distribution, were influenced by land use, anthropogenic impact and soil drainage. Results showed several Phytophthoras, including well-known pathogenic species. The threat they could present to Patagonian ecosystems and their relations to human activities are discussed. This study evidenced the need of management measures to control the spread of P. austrocedri and other invasive Phytophthora species in Patagonia.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora austrocedri in Argentina and Co-Inhabiting Phytophthoras: Roles of Anthropogenic and Abiotic Factors in Species Distribution and Diversity

Vélez

Manna

Tarabini

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…Range expansions of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), for example, threaten global corn production 4 , and both Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight fundamentally altered forests in North America 5 , 6 . Experimental and field studies have demonstrated that infectious diseases can be highly responsive to changes in temperature 7 and moisture conditions 8 and many studies predict range expansions of infectious plant disease under climate change 9 – 13 . Surprisingly little evidence, however, directly links climate change to plant disease range expansions 14 , 15 (though see ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear shifts in infectious rust disease due to climate change

et al. 2021

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Range shifts of infectious plant disease are expected under climate change. As plant diseases move, emergent abiotic-biotic interactions are predicted to modify their distributions, leading to unexpected changes in disease risk. Evidence of these complex range shifts due to climate change, however, remains largely speculative. Here, we combine a long-term study of the infectious tree disease, white pine blister rust, with a six-year field assessment of drought-disease interactions in the southern Sierra Nevada. We find that climate change between 1996 and 2016 moved the climate optimum of the disease into higher elevations. The nonlinear climate change-disease relationship contributed to an estimated 5.5 (4.4–6.6) percentage points (p.p.) decline in disease prevalence in arid regions and an estimated 6.8 (5.8–7.9) p.p. increase in colder regions. Though climate change likely expanded the suitable area for blister rust by 777.9 (1.0–1392.9) km2 into previously inhospitable regions, the combination of host-pathogen and drought-disease interactions contributed to a substantial decrease (32.79%) in mean disease prevalence between surveys. Specifically, declining alternate host abundance suppressed infection probabilities at high elevations, even as climatic conditions became more suitable. Further, drought-disease interactions varied in strength and direction across an aridity gradient—likely decreasing infection risk at low elevations while simultaneously increasing infection risk at high elevations. These results highlight the critical role of aridity in modifying host-pathogen-drought interactions. Variation in aridity across topographic gradients can strongly mediate plant disease range shifts in response to climate change.

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“…The monitoring techniques using morphological observation of the biological component in the forest ecosystem includes observing physical changes such as color, size, and texture. Numerous studies have observed physical changes in vascular plants, such as the decolorization of leaves due to the lack of water and low humidity (Kleinman et al, 2012;Kamoske et al, 2019;Finger et al, 2021) or disease and infection (Smith 2012;Feldpausch et al, 2016;Donald et al, 2020). Besides that, a study by Sánchez-Salguero et al (2017) found a significant correlation between the radial growth of trees and the soil moisture in the forest ecosystem.…”

Section: Morphological Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review on the forest health biomonitoring technique: A decade of practice, progress, and challenge

Abas

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The approach for monitoring forest health such as canopy layer, air quality, soil texture has evolved in tandem with the advancement of new technology such as lab analysis, remote sensing etc. The application of biomonitoring techniques for example species diversity and morphological observation, on the other hand, has been positive and has made its own contribution to forest management. Many studies have been conducted in the last decade (2011–2021), which use the biomonitoring techniques in assessing the forest health status. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the forest health biomonitoring techniques in the last decade. This study used the PRISMA guidelines as the protocol to search and analyze all the papers. This study selected 72 out of 538 papers for a thematic analysis which eventually identified four main biomonitoring techniques, namely: 1) diversity distribution, 2) morphological observations, 3) trace elements, minerals and physiological measurements, and 4) behavioral observations. The biomonitoring techniques applied to monitor forest health has evolved with numerous ways that can support existing technologies, as well as help educate people on the necessity of protecting and safeguarding the natural forest environment. This also will give more options to the authority in monitoring the forest health and not only focusing on technology.

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Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Phytophthora austrocedri in Argentina and Co-Inhabiting Phytophthoras: Roles of Anthropogenic and Abiotic Factors in Species Distribution and Diversity

Phytophthora austrocedri in Argentina and Co-Inhabiting Phytophthoras: Roles of Anthropogenic and Abiotic Factors in Species Distribution and Diversity

Nonlinear shifts in infectious rust disease due to climate change

A systematic literature review on the forest health biomonitoring technique: A decade of practice, progress, and challenge

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