Small‐scale variability patterns of DMS and phytoplankton in surface waters of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans

Royer, Sarah-Jeanne; Mahajan, Anoop S.; Galí, Martí; Saltzman, E. S.; Simó, Rafel

doi:10.1002/2014gl062543

Cited by 27 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The results highlight the causes of spatial/temporal variability5462 and its importance for understanding ecological processes and ocean/atmosphere fluxes of biogenic gases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As shown in Supplementary Table S3, DMSPt consumption rates -which account for grazing-induced DMSPt loss17 - showed pronounced day vs. night differences in May but not in September. All in all, the corollary is that there is not such a thing as a universal diel pattern in DMS concentrations, as a recent circumnavigation study has concluded using a different approach54.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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A high-resolution time-depth view of dimethylsulphide cycling in the surface sea

Royer

Galí

Mahajan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Emission of the trace gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) from the ocean influences the chemical and optical properties of the atmosphere, and the olfactory landscape for foraging marine birds, turtles and mammals. DMS concentration has been seen to vary across seasons and latitudes with plankton taxonomy and activity, and following the seascape of ocean’s physics. However, whether and how does it vary at the time scales of meteorology and day-night cycles is largely unknown. Here we used high-resolution measurements over time and depth within coherent water patches in the open sea to show that DMS concentration responded rapidly but resiliently to mesoscale meteorological perturbation. Further, it varied over diel cycles in conjunction with rhythmic photobiological indicators in phytoplankton. Combining data and modelling, we show that sunlight switches and tunes the balance between net biological production and abiotic losses. This is an outstanding example of how biological diel rhythms affect biogeochemical processes.

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“…The results highlight the causes of spatial/temporal variability5462 and its importance for understanding ecological processes and ocean/atmosphere fluxes of biogenic gases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A high-resolution time-depth view of dimethylsulphide cycling in the surface sea

Royer

Galí

Mahajan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…We calculated sea-air DMS fluxes from DMS concentration data and surface wind speeds using the gas transfer parameterization of Sweeney et al (2007) and the Schmidt number formulation of Saltzman et al (1993). Wind speed data for flux calculations were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data set (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.…”

Section: Ancillary Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The northeast subarctic Pacific (NESAP) is a globally important source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet the processes driving DMS variability across this region are poorly understood. Here we examine the spatial distribution of DMS at various spatial scales in contrasting oceanographic regimes of the NESAP. We present new high-spatial-resolution measurements of DMS across hydrographic frontal zones along the British Columbia continental shelf, together with key environmental variables and biological rate measurements. We combine these new data with existing observations to produce a revised summertime DMS climatology for the NESAP, yielding a broader context for our sub-mesoscale process studies. Our results demonstrate sharp DMS concentration gradients across hydrographic frontal zones and suggest the presence of two distinct DMS cycling regimes in the NESAP, corresponding to microphytoplankton-dominated waters along the continental shelf and nanoplankton-dominated waters in the cross-shelf transitional zone. DMS concentrations across the continental shelf transition (range < 1–10 nM, mean 3.9 nM) exhibited positive correlations to salinity (r=0.80), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA; r=0.51), and the relative abundance of prymnesiophyte and dinoflagellates (r=0.89). In contrast, DMS concentrations in nearshore coastal transects (range < 1–24 nM, mean 6.1 nM) showed a negative correlation with salinity (r=-0.69; r=-0.78) and SSHA (r=-0.81; r=-0.75) and a positive correlation to relative diatom abundance (r=0.88; r=0.86). These results highlight the importance of bloom-driven DMS production in continental shelf waters of this region and the role of prymnesiophytes and dinoflagellates in DMS cycling further offshore. In all areas, the rate of DMS consumption appeared to be an important control on observed concentration gradients, with higher DMS consumption rate constants associated with lower DMS concentrations. We compiled a data set of all available summertime DMS observations for the NESAP (including previously unpublished results) to examine the performance of several existing algorithms for predicting regional DMS concentrations. None of these existing algorithms was able to accurately reproduce observed DMS distributions across the NESAP, although performance was improved by the use of regionally tuned coefficients. Based on our compiled observations, we derived an average summertime distribution map for DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes across the NESAP, estimating a mean regional flux of 0.30 Tg of DMS-derived sulfur to the atmosphere during the summer season.

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“…Gridded monthly climatologies (Kettle et al, 1999;Lana et al, 2011) calculated from this dataset are the standard DMS product used as input to atmospheric chemistry and climate models, hence emphasizing the seasonal climatological view (Mahajan et al, 2015;McCoy et al, 2015). At the other end, the climatic role of DMS is often evaluated through extreme sensitivity tests that examine the response of Earth system models to order-of-magnitude perturbations of DMS emission (e.g., Grandey and Wang, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration from satellite data at global and regional scales

Galí¹,

Levasseur²,

Devred

et al. 2018

Biogeosciences

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117

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Abstract. The marine biogenic gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) modulates climate by enhancing aerosol light scattering and seeding cloud formation. However, the lack of time-and space-resolved estimates of DMS concentration and emission hampers the assessment of its climatic effects. Here we present DMS SAT , a new remote sensing algorithm that relies on macroecological relationships between DMS, its phytoplanktonic precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPt) and plankton light exposure. In the first step, planktonic DMSPt is estimated from satellite-retrieved chlorophyll a and the light penetration regime as described in a previous study . In the second step, DMS is estimated as a function of DMSPt and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) at the sea surface with an equation of the form: log 10 DMS = α+βlog 10 DMSPt+γ PAR. The two-step DMS SAT algorithm is computationally light and can be optimized for global and regional scales. Validation at the global scale indicates that DMS SAT has better skill than previous algorithms and reproduces the main climatological features of DMS seasonality across contrasting biomes. The main shortcomings of the global-scale optimized algorithm are related to (i) regional biases in remotely sensed chlorophyll (which cause underestimation of DMS in the Southern Ocean) and (ii) the inability to reproduce high DMS / DMSPt ratios in late summer and fall in specific regions (which suggests the need to account for additional DMS drivers). Our work also highlights the shortcomings of interpolated DMS climatologies, caused by sparse and biased in situ sampling. Time series derived from MODIS-Aqua in the subpolar North Atlantic between 2003 and 2016 show wide interannual variability in the magnitude and timing of the annual DMS peak(s), demonstrating the need to move beyond the classical climatological view. By providing synoptic time series of DMS emission, DMS SAT can leverage atmospheric chemistry and climate models and advance our understanding of plankton-aerosol-cloud interactions in the context of global change.

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Small‐scale variability patterns of DMS and phytoplankton in surface waters of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

A high-resolution time-depth view of dimethylsulphide cycling in the surface sea

A high-resolution time-depth view of dimethylsulphide cycling in the surface sea

Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales

Sea-surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration from satellite data at global and regional scales

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