Small-Signal Refinement of Power System Static Load Modelling Techniques

Abstract

Abstract. Loads are often represented as a weighted combination of constant impedance (Z), current (I) and power (P) components, so called ZIP models, by various power systems network simulation tools. However, with the growing need to model nonlinear load types, such as LED lighting, ZIP models are increasingly rendered inadequate in fully representing the voltage dependency of power consumption traits. In this paper we propose the use of small-signal ZIP models, derived from a neural network model of appliance level consumption profiles, to enable better characterizations of voltage dependent load behavior. Direct and indirect approaches to small-signal ZIP model parameter estimation are presented, with the latter method shown to be the most robust to neural network approximation errors. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using both simulation and experimentally collected load data.

Load and harmonic distortion characterization of modern low-energy lighting under applied voltage variation

“…8), in which a significant discontinuity is present in the measured data set, around nominal voltage. Limitations of this nature, for the ZIP modelling approach are acknowledged in literature [20,33], but may be treated as an accepted weakness of a quadratic formula based approach. While higher order, polynomial models may offer better resolution, additional coefficients would need to be defined and natural orientation of the ZIP based approach towards an amalgam of constant impedance, current and power behaviors would be lost.…”