Small Size and Low‐Cost TENG‐Based Self‐Powered Vibration Measuring and Alerting System

Abstract

design evaluation during research development, [4] quality assessment for inspection, [5] and conventional testing. [6] The following are the three main parameters directly collected during vibration measurement: displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Usually, these parameters are assessed based on the concept of frequency spectrum analysis (with their defined frequency value). [7] For instance, the presence of misalignment, unbalance, looseness, eccentricity, and defects in machine elements are indicated based on their frequency value, while severe vibration levels depend on displacement, velocity, and acceleration. [8] Vibration measurement is the process of converting the physical oscillation of an object from an equilibrium position into an electrical signal. Then transforming the electrical signal into digitized data for display, interpretation, and data storage, through a sensing mechanism, and data acquisition system. [9] The main components here are sensors, signal conditioning, and data acquisition devices. A sensor is a transducer that converts physical variables into a proportional electrical signal. Piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and piezoresistive transducers are widely used to convert vibration signals into electrical signals. [10,11] Outstanding development has been done in developing vibration sensors from the above-mentioned transducer that exhibit excellent sensitivity, broad range, accuracy, and stability. However, piezoelectric sensors are influenced by the production cost and material (demand smart materials), [10] while piezoresistive sensors generate low electrical signals and demand time for production [12] and electromagnetic sensors are influenced by their size, flexibility, and production cost. [13] Recently, outstanding features of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) such as low cost of materials, fabricability, and flexibility of structure attracted great attention to address those drawbacks. [14][15][16][17] Furthermore, TENGs can generate sufficient energy for self-powered sensors and for powering other electronic components. [18] TENGs convert mechanical energy into electrical energy via contact electrification and electrostatic induction principles when two surfaces with various electronegativity are brought together and separated. [19] Accordingly, TENG converts vibration motion into an electrical signal by imitating vibration oscillation from the equilibrium position. TENGs have shown promising results in developing self-powered sensors due to their Vibration measurement systems containing sensors, signal conditioning, and data acquisition devices, are important for monitoring motors, gearboxes, turbines, etc. Microelectromechanical and piezoelectric sensors are predominantly used for vibration measurements. However, they are not cost-effective, flexible in design, and incapable of self-powering. Recently, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based vibration sensors have been considered as a possible alternative to resolve this problem, and tremendous progress has been achiev...

High efficiency triboelectric charge capture for high output direct current electricity

“…[1][2][3] Consequently, the development and application of renewable energy are inevitable for modern society. 4,5 Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), invented by Wang's group in 2012, 6 exhibit efficient conversion of mechanical energy from the environment into electric energy, [7][8][9][10] offering advantages such as ease of manufacturing, 11 diverse working modes, 12,13 flexible structures, 14 and wide selection of materials. [15][16][17] According to the working principle, sliding mode TENGs can be classified into two categories: (1) alternating current triboelectric nanogenerators (AC-TENGs) based on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, 18,19 and (2) direct current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC-TENGs), relying on the coupling of triboelectrification and corona discharge.…”

Electron Transfer in Contact Electrification under Different Atmospheres Packaged inside TENG

“…Wang et al created the TENG in 2012 [15]. It has been developed into five major application fields, including micro-nano energy [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], blue energy [25][26][27], self-powered sensors [23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], high-voltage power supplies [36,37], and interface probes [3,38]. It is not only an idea meant to help study CE, but also excellent in practical applications.…”