Small spatial-scale differentiation among populations of an introduced colonial invertebrate

Grosholz, Edwin D.

doi:10.1007/s004420100708

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This mechanism may be quite common given similar findings across locations that vary in mean temperature and seasonality (e.g. Keough & Chernoff 1987, Stachowicz et al 2002, Auker & Oviatt 2008, especially despite the potential for geographic variation in population responses to temperature (Grosholz 2001, Yund & Stires 2002. Thus, the effects of changing temperature on the timing of recruitment, combined with widespread evidence for priority effects among sessile organisms (Sutherland 1974, 1978, D'Antonio et al 2001, suggest a clear mechanism by which rising temperatures could lead to non-native dominance in Bodega Harbor and similar communities.…”

Section: Correlation Between Environmental Parameters and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 78%

Patterns and processes of compositional change in a California epibenthic community

Sorte¹,

Stachowicz²

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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As human modifications of the earth's systems have increased, so has interest in understanding past changes in order to predict future ecological trajectories. We compared historical (1969-1971) and contemporary (2005-2009) abundances of species in the marine epibenthic community of Bodega Harbor, California, USA. Between these 2 time periods, we found a decrease in the abundance of native species and an increase in non-native dominance, including of several species that were either rare or absent ~35 yr ago and whose introduction was likely human-mediated. This compositional shift was concurrent with an increase in local water temperature of ~1°C over the same interval. To address the potential role of ocean warming in facilitating the increase of the new dominant species and maintaining compositional shifts, we evaluated the correlation between temperature and recruitment for 15 species. We found that recruitment timing and magnitude were positively related to temperature for non-native species but not for native species overall. Combined with previous results suggesting effects of ocean warming on the relative performance of native vs. nonnative species in this community, our study indicates the potential for continued dominance of nonnative species in Bodega Harbor due to local temperature increases. Simultaneously, anthropogenic transport has been responsible for several recent introductions of competitively dominant species, and shifts in contaminant loads or other factors between the 2 time periods could also contribute to compositional shifts, both historically and in the future. Our results highlight the need for studies of these additional factors, as well as the mechanisms underlying their effects on compositional shifts, in order to predict future changes.

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Section: Correlation Between Environmental Parameters and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 78%

Patterns and processes of compositional change in a California epibenthic community

Sorte¹,

Stachowicz²

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…However, no study to date has examined the possibility of adaptation to climate change in tunicate or bryozoan species, even though local adaptation, including of temperature tolerance [59], has been observed over distances of <60 km owing to relatively short dispersal distances of many epibenthic species [59], [60]. Local adaptation could help to explain the finding that for 8 out of 9 species, LT 50 values for California populations were lower than the maximum habitat temperatures across the species' ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Tolerance and Stress Proteins as Mechanisms of Invasive Species Success

2011

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Invasive species are predicted to be more successful than natives as temperatures increase with climate change. However, few studies have examined the physiological mechanisms that theoretically underlie this differential success. Because correlative evidence suggests that invasiveness is related to the width of a species' latitudinal range, it has been assumed – but largely untested – that range width predicts breadth of habitat temperatures and physiological thermotolerances. In this study, we use empirical data from a marine community as a case study to address the hypotheses that (1) geographic temperature range attributes are related to temperature tolerance, leading to greater eurythermality in invasive species, and (2) stress protein expression is a subcellular mechanism that could contribute to differences in thermotolerance. We examined three native and six invasive species common in the subtidal epibenthic communities of California, USA. We assessed thermotolerance by exposing individuals to temperatures between 14°C and 31°C and determining the temperature lethal to 50% of individuals (LT50) after a 24 hour exposure. We found a strong positive relationship between the LT50 and both maximum habitat temperatures and the breadth of temperatures experience across the species' ranges. In addition, of the species in our study, invasives tended to inhabit broader habitat temperature ranges and higher maximum temperatures. Stress protein expression may contribute to these differences: the more thermotolerant, invasive species Diplosoma listerianum expressed higher levels of a 70-kDa heat-shock protein than the less thermotolerant, native Distaplia occidentalis for which levels declined sharply above the LT50. Our data highlight differences between native and invasive species with respect to organismal and cellular temperature tolerances. Future studies should address, across a broader phylogenetic and ecosystem scope, whether this physiological mechanism has facilitated the current success of invasive species and could lead to greater success of invasives than native species as global warming continues.

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“…Even in this shallow region, a marked thermocline forms during the summer when the Central South Atlantic waters penetrate beneath the warmer surface waters (Brandini 1990in Silva 2001. Temperatures near the bottom may reach 13 o C (personal observation), and low temperature can retard growth or kill ascidians (Grosholz 2001). Another possible explanation for low ascidian abundance at 18 m is the proximity to the bottom, and its associated sand, continually re-suspended by water currents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascidians at Currais islands, Paraná, Brazil: taxonomy and distribution

Rocha

Faria²

2005

Biota Neotrop.

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The Currais Islands is a group of a few small rocky islands in the state of Paraná, in southern Brazil, which provides an interesting location for the study of ascidians. Subtidal diversity is very high and the islands have recently been proposed as a Conservation Unit. A field study was established on the largest island to understand ascidian distributions on spatial and temporal scales. Transects, sampled three times during 2002 and 2003, were established on northern and southern locations of the island as well as at three depths. Twenty species were recorded; the most common were Didemnum rodriguesi, Didemnum speciosum and Didemnum granulatum. Three species are possibly new and will be described elsewhere. An additional nine are new records for the state of Paraná: Perophora regina, Didemnum speciosum, Trididemnum orbiculatum, Eudistoma carolinense, Aplidium pentatrema, Molgula phytophila, Botryllus tuberatus, Symplegma brakenhielmi and Polyandrocarpa anguinea. While all these species are distributed between 6 and 15 m, there is a tendency to reduction of abundance towards 15 m in several species. Some species appear to prefer the north side of the island. Several species show temporal changes in abundance, with some being most common in the spring and others in the summer, but we can not affirm yet that there is a seasonal pattern between years.Key words: Ascidiacea, Tunicata, taxonomy, spatial distribution, temporal distribution. ResumoAs Ilhas Currais são formadas por um grupo de três pequenas formações rochosas localizadas no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil, sendo um local de interesse para o estudo do grupo Ascidiacea. A diversidade da região sublitoral local é bastante alta, e Currais foi recentemente proposto como local a ser transformado em Unidade de Conservação. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de campo na maior das três ilhas, com o intuito de se conhecer a distribuição espacial e temporal de ascídias. Foram realizadas três amostragens entre 2002 e 2003, nos lados norte e sul da ilha, em três diferentes profundidades. Vinte espécies foram registradas, sendo as mais comuns Didemnum rodriguesi, Didemnum speciosum e Didemnum granulatum. Três são possíveis espécies novas e serão descritas futuramente. Nove espécies representam novos registros para o Estado do Paraná: Perophora regina, Didemnum speciosum, Trididemnum orbiculatum, Eudistoma carolinense, Aplidium pentatrema, Molgula phytophila, Botryllus tuberatus, Symplegma brakenhielmi e Polyandrocarpa anguinea. As espécies encontram-se distribuídas principalmente entre a faixa dos seis aos 15 m, tendo sido observada uma redução da abundância em profundidades maiores de 15 m. Algumas espécies parecem preferir o lado norte da ilha. Algumas espécies apresentam variações temporais de abundância, sendo mais comuns ou na primavera ou no verão, mas não é possível ainda afirmar que exista um padrão sazonal entre anos. Palavras

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Small spatial-scale differentiation among populations of an introduced colonial invertebrate

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Patterns and processes of compositional change in a California epibenthic community

Patterns and processes of compositional change in a California epibenthic community

Temperature Tolerance and Stress Proteins as Mechanisms of Invasive Species Success

Ascidians at Currais islands, Paraná, Brazil: taxonomy and distribution

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