Smallholder Poultry: Leveraging for Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security

Alders, Robyn; Costa, Rosa; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.; Sparks, Nicholas; Zhou, Huaijun

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21544-8

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…As poultry, defined as domesticated birds, provide food security, protein supply and human livelihood, they are considered beneficial animals worldwide [1]. To ensure that it continues to make positive and sustainable contributions to a stable human food supply, it is essential to maximise the efficacy of all feedstuffs/products that highlight the links between poultry production, nutrition and sustainable ecosystem services [2]. Feed constitutes about 50-70% of the total costs in animal production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology

et al. 2020

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Rye could offer diverse benefits in terms of sustainability if it could replace parts of the main cereals, corn and wheat, in broiler diets. A total of 256 broilers, Ross 308, were randomly allocated into 32 pens. From day 14 till day 42, the birds were divided into four feeding groups (eight replicates each). The control group received a conventional finisher diet “control”, whereas in the other groups, a pelleted supplementary feed was offered (SFI to corn and SFII to rye), to which crushed corn (SFI-Corn) or squashed rye (SFII-Rye) was added. The fourth group received a mixture of 50% SFI-Corn and 50% SFII-Rye. The cereal level was increased weekly (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) at the expense of the supplementary feeds. No significant effects were observed for body weight at d 42 and excreta viscosity between all groups. Overall, foot pad health was excellent. Compared to the control group, birds fed SFI-Corn displayed a significant increase in gizzard relative weight, whereas, in contrast to all other groups, ileal villus height was significantly lower. In conclusion, feeding SFI-Corn or SFII-Rye diets had no negative influences on performance, litter quality and digesta viscosity, whereas SFI-Corn partially affected ileal morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimations of balance and efficiency of nitrogen in litter for the entire trial period (d 14-d 42, mean ± SEM). Means within the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p < 0.05) 1,2. Supplementary feeds commercially produced for corn and rye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology

et al. 2020

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“…Generally poultry is the type of livestock that is easily accesible to poor people, with small but essential benefits to them, be it for household nutrition, economy or social relations. Smallholder poultry production is therefore very essential for food security and livelihoods of many poor people in the world (Alders et al, 2019;Udo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusion About The Role Of Farmed Animals In Circular Food Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmed animal production in tropical circular food systems

et al. 2021

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In the discourse about the development of farmed animal production (terrestrial livestock production and aquaculture) in the tropics, two important food system outcomes emerge: (1) to supply animal-sourced food (ASF) at a level that suffices healthy future diets, including for poor people, and (2) to contribute to climate change mitigation and minimize pollution with nitrogen and phosphorus. Livestock production and aquaculture contribute to food security directly by increasing producers’ food diversity and availability, but also that of urban consumers, and indirectly through income generation and increased farm resilience. Recently, circularity has come to the fore as an integrated approach to food system development. Circularity has four cornerstones: (1) food crops have highest priority (which implies no food-feed competition), (2) avoid losses, (3) recycle waste and (4) use animals to unlock biomass that humans cannot eat. In this review, the role of farmed animals in circular food systems in the tropics is presented in four case studies and the impacts of circularity on food security and environmental impact mitigation are discussed. The cases are ruminants in grazing systems in West Africa and in Colombia, fish in pond aquaculture in general, and land-limited dairy production in Indonesia. Additionally, options for novel protein sources for use in livestock and fish feeding are presented. It is concluded that farmed animals are important in circular food systems because of their use of land unsuited for crop production, their upgrading of crop residues, and their supply of manure to crop production. Nevertheless, the increasing demand for ASF puts pressure on important characteristics of circularity, such as minimizing food-feed competition, maximization of use of waste streams in feed, and the value of manure for fertilization. Hence, in line with conclusions for Western countries, maximum circularity and sustainability of food systems can only be achieved by optimizing the population size of animals. Thus, a sustainable contribution of ASF production to global food security is complex and in not only a technical matter or outcome of an economic process balancing supply and demand. It requires governance for which public, private, and social actors need to partner.

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“…Poultry plays a significant role in human economy through food provision while also creating wealth through job creation for our teeming population (Alders et al, 2019). In order to reduce malnutrition and most importantly protein deficiency in Nigeria, poultry production is considered as one of the most viable and popular options (Ezeh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of reproductive hormones and sperm characteristics of five strains of male broiler chicken raised in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria

Hammed

2022

NJAP

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One of the challenges of broiler production in Nigeria is lack of technical information on improving broiler breeding.Reproductive profiles of some of the available strains could bridge the knowledge gap. Thus, evaluating the reproductive profiles of the few available breeder stains in our locality is essential. This study evaluated strain effects on the reproductive hormones and sperm variables of breeder broiler chicken in the derived savanna of Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty five (125) day old male broiler chick strains comprising of Abor Acre (T1), Marshall (T2), Cobb (T3), Ross (T4) and Anak (T5)of 25 birds per strain were the experimental birds. Each strain was further divided into 5 replicates of 5 birds per replicates in a Completely Randomized Design. The duration was twenty-eight (28) weeks.Reproductive hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone-FSH, Testosterone and Luteinizing hormone-LH) and sperm parameters(sperm count, motile sperm, non-motile sperm, normal sperm, abnormal sperm, live sperm and dead sperm) were evaluated. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed in all the hormonal variables assayed. FSH, testosterone and LH were significantly (p<0.05) higher for T5 (Anak strain) than the rest of the treatments and the least mean concentration for LH, FSH andTestosterone was consistently observed in T3. Furthermore,the strain does not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on any of the sperm variables. However, the mean value for sperm count ranged from 44.68×106 to 82.45×106 with T5 having the highest mean value while T3 was the least. Similar trend was observed in percentage motile sperm, percentage normal sperm and percentage live sperm. The study confirm existence of strain differences in terms of FSH, LH and Testosterone concentration in broiler raised in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria. Moreover, the five considered strains in this study have similar sperm quality. It is therefore recommended that Anak can be used effectively in breeding schemes aimed at improving Nigeria broiler production. L'un des défis de la production de poulets de chair au Nigéria est le manque d'informations techniques sur l'amélioration de l'élevage de poulets de chair. Les profils de reproduction de certaines des souches disponibles pourraient combler le manque de connaissances. Ainsi, l'évaluation des profils de reproduction des quelques souches de reproducteurs disponiblesmdans notre localité est essentielle. Cette étude a évalué les effets de la souche sur les hormones de reproduction et les variables du sperme de poulets à griller reproducteurs dans la savane dérivée du Nigeria. Un total de cent vingt-cinq (125) souches de poussins de chairmâles âgés de 125 jours comprenant Abor Acre (T1), Marshall (T2), Cobb (T3), Ross (T4) et Anak (T5) de 25 oiseaux par souche ont été les oiseaux expérimentaux. Chaque souche a ensuite été divisée en 5 répétitions de 5 oiseaux par répétition dans une conception entièrement randomisée. La durée était de vingt-huit (28) semaines. Les hormones de reproduction (hormone folliculo-stimulante-HFS, testostérone et hormone lutéinisante-HL) et les paramètres du sperme (nombre de spermatozoïdes, spermatozoïdes mobiles, spermatozoïdes non mobiles, spermatozoïdes normaux, spermatozoïdes anormaux, spermatozoïdes vivants et spermatozoïdes morts) ont été évalués. Des différences significatives (p<0,05) ont été observées dans toutes les variables hormonales analysées. La HFS, la testostérone et la HL étaient significativement (p < 0,05) plus élevées pour la T5 (souche Anak) que pour le reste des traitements et la concentration moyenne la plus faible pour la HL, la HFS et la testostérone a été systématiquement observée dans la T3. De plus, la souche n'a d'effet significatif (p>0,05) sur aucune des variables spermatiques. Cependant, la valeur moyenne du nombre de spermatozoïdes variait de 44,68 × 106 à 82,45 × 106, T5 ayant la valeur moyenne la plus élevée tandis que T3 était la plus faible. Une tendance similaire a été observée pour le pourcentage de spermatozoïdes mobiles, le pourcentage de spermatozoïdes normaux et le pourcentage de spermatozoïdes vivants. L'étude a confirmé l'existence de différences de souches en termes de concentration de HFS, de LH et de testostérone chez les poulets de chair élevés dans la zone de savane dérivée du Nigeria. De plus, les cinq souches considérées dans cette étude ont une qualité de sperme similaire. Il est donc recommandé qu'Anak puisse être utilisé efficacem ent dans les programmes de sélection visant à améliorer la production de poulets de chair au Nigeria.

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Smallholder Poultry: Leveraging for Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology

Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology

Farmed animal production in tropical circular food systems

Evaluation of reproductive hormones and sperm characteristics of five strains of male broiler chicken raised in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria

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