“…In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in consumer electronics, transportation fields, and energy storage . With the continuous increasing energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the thermal runaway presents significant safety risk to human life and property. , Before thermal runaway occurs, great changes in temperature, pressure, current, and other characteristic parameters are found in lithium-ion batteries. − Thus, monitoring these characteristic parameters by using sensing technologies is a promising way to realize early warning of thermal runaway. , Among these parameters, current is one of the most important ones . Current fluctuations can be monitored by current sensors to identify potential safety issues, such as internal or external short circuits in lithium-ion batteries.…”