Smart cities

Abstract

This is a repository copy of Smart cities: A literature review and business network approach discussion on the management of organisations.

Towards Smart City Concept in Small Cities

“…The smart city concept derives from the intersection of studies in urbanism and information and communication technology (ICT), combined with the dimensions of creativity and humanity (Nam and Pardo, 2011;Pereira et al, 2017). The smart city concept represents new ways of organizing city functions and urban life for environmental purposes, based on digitalization (Öberg, Graham and Hennelly, 2017). In the field of ICT, rapid development of software, hardware and networks has made it technologically possible to connect people and the facilities that serve their everyday needs in cities (Pereira et al, 2017).…”

“…Thus, different and often complementary aspects of asmart city encompass an efficience, technological advancement, sustainability and social inclusivity (Vanolo, 2014). General trends in this kind of development include the transition from global to local production and consumption, a change from competitive to collaborative manufacturing and service provision, and a move from shareholder-based businesses to multiple stakeholder viewpoints (Herrschel, 2013;Öberg, Graham and Hennelly, 2017). Smart city development requires not only technological enablers but also a new way of thinking among cities, businesses, citizens and academia, which includes key development stakeholders.…”

“…The smart city can thus be considered as an ideal of sustainable urban living. It is nevertheless a rather vague concept, defined in various ways depending on the context of smartness (Öberg, Graham and Hennelly, 2017). According to Giffinger and Suitner (2015), the concept of a smart city should incorporate at least one of the following dimensions ( Figure 1): 1) a smart economy related to, e.g., innovation, entrepreneurship, flexibility or productivity; 2) smart mobility in the context of sustainable resource management and transport systems; 3) smart governance with implications for participation, decision-making and transparent governance structures; 4) a smart environment that is understood to provide attractive, natural conditions and a lack of pollution, as well as sustainable management of resources and energy; 5) smart living and quality of life; and 6) smart people in terms of qualifications, creativity, education and flexibility (Vanolo, 2014).…”

“…In this manner, smartness in the smart city context can be associated with very different phenomena. One factor that these phenomena have in common is sustainability, which is included in one form or another in almost all of the above-mentioned dimensions (Öberg, Graham and Hennelly, 2017). Moreover, Herrschel (2013) suggests that the smartness of smart cities has come to include "innovativeness, participation, collaboration, and coordination".…”

“…The latter is seen as an enabler, rather than as a key element of the smart city concept. Despite this rather broadly defined framework, previous literature in the field of smart city development is relatively coherent in suggesting that digitalization and urbanization are making production and consumption less global and more local, thus changing manufacturing from competitive to collaborative and business from a single shareholder basis to multiple stakeholders (Öberg, Graham and Hennelly, 2017). In this context, data-driven service operation can be used to significantly improve service performance, by implementing the right data strategy (Pulkkinen, Jussila, Partanen and Trotskii, 2019).…”