“…A huge amount of literature is available on non-traditional optimization tools. These methods include, genetic programming (GP) [55], evolution strategies (ES) [56], differential evolution (DE) [56], cultural algorithm (CA) [57], evolutionary programming (EP) [57], whale optimization algorithm (WOA) [24], grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) [58], kidney-inspired algorithm (KA) [58], salp swarm algorithm (SSA) [58], sine cosine algorithm (SCA) [59], bat algorithm (BA) [59], general relativity search algorithm (GRSA) [60], farmland fertility algorithm (FFA) [61], artificial bee colony (ABC) [62], cuckoo search optimization (CSO) [63], interior search algorithm (ISA) [63], teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) [64], harmony search (HS) [64], biogeography-based optimization (BBO), seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) [65], moth search algorithm (MSA) [66], hybrid pattern search-sine cosine algorithm (HPS-SCA) [67], modified version of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) [68], MSA [68], gray wolf optimization (GWO) [69], hybrid of genetic algorithm and pattern search (GA-PS) [68], brainstorm optimisation algorithm (BSOA) [70], asexual reproduction optimization (ARO) [70], and others were developed for multi-machine PSSs design.…”