Introduction
Electronic health records (EHRs), computerized order entry (CPOE), and patient portals have experienced increased adoption by healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to review evidence regarding the impact of such health information technologies (HIT) on surgical practice.
Materials and Methods
A search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify data-driven, non-survey studies about the effects of HIT on surgical care. Domain experts were queried for relevant articles. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts for inclusion criteria and analyzed full-text of eligible articles.
Results
2890 citations were identified. 32 observational studies and 2 RCTs met eligibility criteria. EHR or CPOE improved appropriate antibiotic administration for surgical procedures in 13 comparative observational studies. 5 comparative observational studies indicated electronically generated operative notes had increased accuracy, completeness, and availability in the medical record. The Internet as an information resource about surgical procedures was generally inadequate. Surgical patients and providers demonstrated rapid adoption of patient portals, with increasing proportions of online versus in-person outpatient surgical encounters.
Conclusion
The overall quality of evidence about the effects of HIT in surgical practice was low. Current data suggest an improvement in appropriate perioperative antibiotic administration and accuracy of operative reports from CPOE and EHR applications. Online consumer health educational resources and patient portals are popular among patients and families, but their impact has not been studied well in surgical populations. With increasing adoption of HIT, further research is needed to optimize the efficacy of such tools in surgical care.