Smart grid simulation using small-scale pilot installations. - experimental investigation of a centrally-controlled microgrid

Abstract

Two smart-grid topologies are analyzed in this paper. The first one has two main differences from the traditional grid, a dc-bus and a smart integration module (SIM), which interconnects the dc-with the ac-bus. The second topology has only one difference from the traditional grid, a special control unit (SCU), which is attached to each device before connecting to the grid. The first topology has been implemented in a small-scale installation. This small-scale pilot installation is described and experimental results are presented. These results verify the predicted disadvantages of the first topology. It is expected that these disadvantages will be eliminated by using the second topology. This paper also presents the design of the second topology.

Advanced energy storage and demand-side management in smart grids using buildings energy efficiency technologies

“…The last module is integrated into software that runs on a microgrid-dedicated PC. This topology is implemented at the facilities of the Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia [1], [9], [10].…”

“…This parameter is taken into account, since tests showed that switching on-off large loads could lead to great discharging currents, which in their turn are misleading indications for the correct estimation of the SoC by the linear method. The wrong SoC estimation can lead to unnecessary load rejection and thus decreased power supply reliability [9], [10]. Thus, the term "pseudo State of Charge" (pseudo-SoC) is defined as the SoC that is assigned to the batteries on purpose, when great discharging currents appear in a 2-minutes period and the (V mean-2 , I mean-2 ) point skips one of the above SoC areas, i.e.…”

“…During islanded operation of microgrids, accurate estimation and proper management of State of Charge (SoC) of energy storage systems are very important [7], [8]. In [9], [10] it is shown that improper control infrastructure and algorithms of a microgrid can affect grid operation negatively, leading to wrong SoC estimation and degradation of power supply reliability of customers. More specifically, undesirable control actions at islanding mode operation is reported, such as constant load switching, quick batteries charging and discharging, and insufficient exploitation of renewable energy sources, even in cases that matching of available supply, demand and storage has achieved.…”

Investigation of smart grid topologies using pilot installations experimental results

“…At the first topology [6], [7], a dc-bus is added, for connection to dc loads, dc-generators, battery banks and energy storage in general. Additionally, a new building block technology called smart integration module (SIM) is needed, as interconnection between the dc and the ac bus.…”

“…In [6], two topologies for the smart distribution grid are analyzed, the infrastructure for implementing the first topology in experimental scale is described and the first experimental results are presented. The aim of this paper is to present analytically the developed infrastructure for implementing the second topology in experimental scale and present more experimental results by the microgrids.…”